Layered product

ABSTRACT

A laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesive layer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order, wherein an edge of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed by a curable composition including at least one perfluoropolyether group-containing compound.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a laminated product and an articlecomprising the laminated product.

BACKGROUND ART

Display assemblies, touch panel assemblies, solar cell assemblies, andthe like include laminated products where various base material layersare pasted, as constituent materials. Such a laminated product includesbase material layers such as a liquid crystal panel, a touch panel,electrode glass and cover glass pasted by an adhesive.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: JP 2017-105069 A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

The present inventors have found that an article including such alaminated product, when used for a long period, may cause an adhesionlayer to be swollen in some cases. The reason for this has beenconsidered by the present inventors that such swelling is caused by thepresence of an exposed portion where the adhesive layer is exposed onthe edge face of the laminated product including the base materiallayers pasted by an adhesive. If such an exposed portion is present, aproblem which can occur is that the adhesive layer is swollen when achemical substance or the like is externally attached to the edge faceof the laminated product.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide alaminated product having excellent resistance to chemical substance.

Solution to Problem

The present inventors have made intensive studies in order to solve theabove problems, and as a result, have found that resistance to chemicalsubstance is enhanced by protecting, by a perfluoropolyethergroup-containing compound, the edge face of a laminated product in whichbase material layers are pasted by an adhesive, thereby leading tocompletion of the present invention.

A first aspect of the present invention provides

a laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesivelayer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order,wherein

an edge face of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed bya curable composition including a perfluoropolyether group-containingcompound.

A second aspect of the present invention provides an article comprisingthe laminated product of the present invention.

Effects of Invention

The present invention can provide a laminated product having highresistance to chemical substance by protecting the edge face of alaminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesivelayer and a second base material layer are stacked, by a curablecomposition including a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The laminated product of the present invention comprises a first basematerial layer, an adhesive layer and a second base material layer. Thefirst base material layer, the adhesive layer and the second basematerial layer are stacked in this order. That is, the first basematerial layer and the second base material layer are pasted by theadhesive layer, thereby forming the laminated product.

The materials forming the first base material layer and the second basematerial layer are not limited, and, for example, are selected from thegroup consisting of a resin, a metal, a metal oxide, a ceramic andglass.

The resin is not limited, and examples thereof include an acrylic resin,a polycarbonate-based resin, an ABS resin, a polyester-based resin, apolyimide-based resin, a polyamide-based resin and a polyolefin-basedresin.

The metal is not limited, and examples thereof include aluminum, copper,iron, stainless steel and an alloy thereof.

The metal oxide is not limited, and examples thereof include ITO (indiumtin oxide) and anodized aluminum.

The ceramic is not limited, and examples thereof include aluminum oxide,silicon oxide and zirconium.

The glass is not limited, and is preferably soda-lime glass, alkalialuminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, crystalglass or quartz glass, and examples include chemically strengthenedsoda-lime glass, chemically strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glassand chemically bonded borosilicate glass.

The materials forming the first base material layer and the second basematerial layer may be the same as or different from each other.

The shapes of the first base material layer and the second base materiallayer are not limited, and may be each, for example, a film shape or aplate shape.

The thicknesses of the first base material layer and the second basematerial layer are not limited, and maybe each, for example, 0.01 mm ormore and 10.0 mm or less, 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, or 0.5 mm ormore and 2 mm or less.

The first base material layer and the second base material layer may beeach one member. Examples of such a member include a touch panel, coverglass, an anti-scattering film, a liquid crystal panel, an electrodefilm and a protecting sheet. The member may be, for example, a printedcircuit board (PCB: Printed Circuit Board) and an electron elementmounted thereon, for example, a large scale integration (LSI: LargeScale Integration), a housing and an electron element secured thereto,for example, a speaker and a display module.

The material forming the adhesive layer is not limited as long as thematerial can paste the first base material layer and the second basematerial layer. The material forming the adhesive layer is not limited,and, for example, any of a photo-curing adhesive such as anultraviolet-curing adhesive, and various curing adhesives such as areaction-curing adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive and an anaerobicadhesive can be used. Such an adhesive is not limited, and examplesthereof include an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, aphenol resin, an amino resin, a polyimide resin, an imide resin, apolyvinyl resin, a polyester resin, a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, aPVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin and an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin.

The thickness of the adhesive layer is not limited, and may be, forexample, 0.01 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, 0.05 mm or more and 0.8 mmor less, or 0.1 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less.

The adhesive layer may be an adhesion sheet, a pressure-sensitiveadhesion sheet, or a sheet-shaped or film-shaped adhesive, and, forexample, an OCA (optical clear adhesive) film, or an adhesive (so-calledliquid OCA) which is to be cured by UV, heat or the like after a liquidpressure-sensitive adhesive is injected can be suitably used.

The laminated product may be obtained by pasting the first base materiallayer and the second base material layer by the adhesive layer. Thepasting method is not limited, and such pasting can be made by anymethod known in each field.

The laminated product is not limited, and examples thereof include oneobtained by pasting a touch panel and cover glass by an adhesive layer,one obtained by pasting a liquid crystal panel and cover glass by anadhesive layer, one obtained by pasting a touch panel and a liquidcrystal panel by an adhesive layer, one obtained by pasting an electrodefilm and cover glass by an adhesive layer, and one obtained by pastingglass and an anti-scattering film by an adhesive layer.

The edge face of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed bya curable composition including a perfluoropolyether group-containingcompound (hereinafter, also referred to as “PFPE-containing compound”).That is, the edge face of the laminated product is protected by a layerformed by a curable composition including a perfluoropolyethergroup-containing compound.

The shape of the protecting layer is not limited as long as at least oneportion of the adhesion layer exposed on the edge face of the laminatedproduct is covered with the protecting layer.

In one embodiment, 50% or more, preferably 80% or more, furtherpreferably substantially 100% of the surface area of the adhesion layerexposed on the edge face of the laminated product is covered with theprotecting layer.

In one embodiment, the edge faces of the first base material layer andthe second base material layer, beyond the adhesion layer region exposedon the edge face of the laminated product, may also be covered with theprotecting layer. The protecting layer may extend to a main surface ofthe laminated product, namely, main surfaces of the first base materiallayer and the second base material layer, beyond the edge of thelaminated product.

The thickness of the protecting layer is not limited, and may be, forexample, 10 μm or more and 1.0 mm or less, preferably 20 μm or more and500 μm or less, more preferably 30 μm or more and 200 μm or less.

A conventional laminated product, the edge face of which is notprotected, can cause any failures such as expanding and bleaching of anadhesion layer, generation of bubbles, and releasing of any layer, dueto an external contamination substance, for example, oil such as machineoil or oleic acid, water, rain water, sweat or sebum, or a chemicalsubstance such as acid or alkali because the adhesion layer is exposed.The laminated product of the present invention includes the protectinglayer, and thus allows the adhesion layer to be protected from thecontamination substance and has excellent resistance.

Hereinafter, the PFPE-containing compound will be described.

The “2-10 valent organic group”, as used herein, means a 2-10 valentgroup containing carbon. The 2-10 valent organic group is not limited,and examples thereof include a 2-10 valent group where 1 to 9 hydrogenatoms are further removed from a hydrocarbon group. The divalent organicgroup is not limited, and examples thereof include a divalent groupwhere one hydrogen atom is further removed from a hydrocarbon group.

The “hydrocarbon group”, as used herein, means a group which containscarbon and hydrogen and which is obtained by removing one hydrogen atomfrom a molecule. The hydrocarbon group is not limited, and examplesthereof include a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as analiphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Forexample, the “aliphatic hydrocarbon group” may be any linear, branchedor cyclic group, and may be any saturated or unsaturated group. Forexample, the hydrocarbon group may contain one or more ring structures.The hydrocarbon group may have one or more N, O, S, Si, amide, sulfonyl,siloxane, carbonyl, carbonyloxy, and the like at an end thereof or in amolecular chain thereof.

Each substituent of the “hydrocarbon group”, as used herein, is notlimited, and examples thereof include a halogen atom; and one or moregroups selected from a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂-6 alkenyl group, a C₂-6alkynyl group, a C₃-10 cycloalkyl group, a C₃-10 unsaturated cycloalkylgroup, a 5 to 10-membered heterocyclyl group, a 5 to 10-memberedunsaturated heterocyclyl group, a C₆-10 aryl group and a 5 to10-membered heteroaryl group each optionally substituted with one ormore halogen atoms.

The alkyl group and the phenyl group may be herein unsubstituted orsubstituted, unless particularly noted. Each substituent of such groupsis not limited, and examples thereof include one or more groups selectedfrom a halogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group and a C₂₋₆alkynyl group.

The PFPE-containing compound is not limited, and is typically aperfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “PFPE-containing silane compound”) or aperfluoropolyether group-containing compound having a carbon-carbondouble bond at a molecular end (hereinafter, also referred to as“PFPE-containing unsaturated compound”). The PFPE-containing compoundmay be adopted singly or in combinations of two or more kinds thereof.

The PFPE-containing silane compound has a Si atom bonded to at least onegroup selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and ahydrolyzable group, at each of both molecular ends.

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound is at least onecompound represented by formula (A), (B), (C) or (D).

In the formulae, PFPE, at each occurrence, is each independently a grouprepresented by:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃X¹⁰₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—.

In the formulae, a, b, c, d, e and f are each independently an integerof 0 or more and 200 or less, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is atleast 1. Preferably, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is 5 or more, morepreferably 10 or more. Preferably, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is 200or less, more preferably 200 or less, for example, 10 or more and 200 orless, more specifically 10 or more and 100 or less. The occurrence orderof the respective repeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e or fis not limited in the formula. X¹⁰, at each occurrence, eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorineatom, preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, more preferably afluorine atom.

Here, a and b are each independently preferably 0 or more and 30 orless, and, for example, may be 0.

In one embodiment, a, b, c and d are each independently preferably aninteger of 0 or more and 30 or less, more preferably an integer of 20 orless, particularly preferably an integer of 10 or less, furtherpreferably an integer of 5 or less, or, for example, may be 0.

In one embodiment, the sum of a, b, c and d is preferably 30 or less,more preferably 20 or less, further preferably 10 or less, particularlypreferably 5 or less.

In one embodiment, the sum of e and f is preferably 30 or more, morepreferably 40 or more, further preferably 50 or more.

Such repeating units may, for example, be linear or branched, and arepreferably linear. For example, —(OC₆F₁₂)— may be—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—,—(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—,—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, or the like, and ispreferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—. For example, —(OC₅F₁₀)— may be—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—,—(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, or the like, and ispreferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—. —(OC₄F₈)— may be any of—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—,—(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—,—(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃))—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)— and —(OCF₂CF(C₂F₅))—, and ispreferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—. —(OC₃F₆)— (namely, in the formulae, X¹⁰represents a fluorine atom) may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—,—(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)— and —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))—, and is preferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—.—(OC₂F₄)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂)— and —(OCF(CF₃))—, and is preferably—(OCF₂CF₂)—.

In one embodiment, PFPE is —(OC₃F₆)_(d)—, wherein d is an integer of 1or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, morepreferably 10 or more and 200 or less. Preferably, PFPE is—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_(d)—, wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 orless, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or moreand 200 or less, or —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)_(d)—, wherein d is an integer of 1 ormore and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, morepreferably 10 or more and 200 or less. More preferably, PFPE is—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_(d)—, wherein d is an integer of 1 or more and 200 orless, preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or moreand 200 or less.

In another embodiment, PFPE is—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃F₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—, wherein c and d areeach independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, e and f areeach independently 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and200 or less, more preferably an integer of 10 or more and 200 or less,the sum of c, d, e and f is at least 5 or more, preferably 10 or more,and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses with the subscript c, d, e or f is not limited in theformulae. Preferably, PFPE is—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)_(c)—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_(d)—(OCF₂CF₂)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—.

In one embodiment, PFPE may be —(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—, wherein e and fare each independently an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200or less, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses with the subscript e or f is not limited in the formulae.The curable composition used in the present invention, which includesthe PFPE-containing silane compound, can contribute to formation of acured product which can keep rubber properties even at a lowtemperature.

In still another embodiment, PFPE is a group represented by —(R⁶—R⁷)_(j)In the formulae, R⁶ represents OCF₂ or OC₂F₄, preferably OC₂F₄. In theformula, R⁷ represents a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀and OC₆F₁₂, or a combination of two or three groups independentlyselected from the above groups. Preferably, R⁷ represents a groupselected from OC₂F₄, OC₂F₆ and OC₄F₈, a group selected from OC₃F₆,OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀ and OC₆F₁₂, or a combination of two or three groupsindependently selected from the above groups. Such a combination of twoor three groups independently selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆ and OC₄F₈ isnot limited, and examples thereof include —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—,—OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₃F₆—,—OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—,—OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—,—OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, and —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—. Here, j isan integer of 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 ormore, and an integer of 100 or less, preferably 50 or less. In theformulae, OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀ and OC₆F₁₂ may be linear orbranched, and is preferably linear. In this embodiment, PFPE ispreferably —(OC₂F₄—OC₃F₆)_(j)— or —(OC₂F₄—OC₄F₈)_(j)—.

The ratio of e to f in PFPE (hereinafter, referred to as “e/f ratio”) is0.1 or more and 10 or less, preferably 0.2 or more and 5 or less, morepreferably 0.2 or more and 2 or less, further preferably 0.2 or more and1.5 or less. The e/f ratio, which falls within the range, can moreenhance water-repellency, oil-repellency and chemical resistance (forexample, durability to brine, aqueous acidic or basic solution, acetone,oleic acid or hexane) of a cured product obtained from the compound. Alower e/f ratio more enhances water-repellency, oil-repellency andchemical resistance of the cured product. On the other hand, an e/fratio of 0.1 or more can more enhance stability of the compound. Ahigher e/f ratio more enhances stability of the compound.

In one embodiment, the e/f ratio is less than 1.0. The e/f ratio ispreferably 0.10 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more, furtherpreferably 0.40 or more. The e/f ratio is preferably 0.90 or less, morepreferably 0.85 or less, further preferably 0.80 or less. In the presentembodiment, the e/f ratio is preferably 0.10 or more and 1.0 or less,0.20 or more and 0.90 or less, further preferably 0.40 or more and 0.85or less, particularly preferably 0.40 or more and 0.80 or less.

In one embodiment, the e/f ratio is 1.0 or more. The e/f ratio ispreferably 1.1 or more, more preferably 1.2 or more. The e/f ratio ispreferably 10.0 or less, more preferably 5.0 or less, further preferably2.0 or less, particularly preferably 1.5 or less. In the presentembodiment, the e/f ratio is preferably 1.0 or more and 10.0 or less,more preferably 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less, further preferably 1.0 ormore and 2.0 or less, particularly preferably 1.0 or more and 1.5 orless.

The number average molecular weight of the —PFPE-portion in thePFPE-containing silane compound is not limited, and is, for example, 500to 30,000, preferably 1,500 to 30,000, more preferably 2,000 to 10,000.The number average molecular weight is defined as a value obtained by¹⁹F-NMR measurement.

The number average molecular weight of the —PFPE-portion may be in therange from 2000 to 200000, and is preferably in the range from 3000 to100000. The number average molecular weight is defined as a valueobtained by ¹⁹F-NMR measurement.

In one embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the —PFPE-portion may be in the range from 1,000 to 3,000, and is preferably inthe range from 2000 to 3000. The compound may have such a number averagemolecular weight of the —PFPE- portion to thereby allow the curablecomposition to be low in viscosity and be improved in handleability.

In one embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the —PFPE-portion may be in the range from 5,000 to 10,000, and is preferably inthe range from 6000 to 9000. The compound may have such a number averagemolecular weight of the —PFPE- portion to thereby allow the curablecomposition to be improved in physical properties such as stretchingproperties after curing.

In the formulae, R¹³, at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. The hydrolyzable group is asdefined above.

In the formulae, R¹⁴, at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms,preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

In the formulae, R¹¹, at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.

The halogen atom is preferably an iodine atom, a chlorine atom or afluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom.

In the formulae, R¹², at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group ispreferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferablyan alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof includea methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group.

In the formulae, R^(11″), R^(12″), R^(13″) and R^(14″) are as definedfor R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴, respectively.

In formula (A), the Si atom bonded to at least one group selected fromthe group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a hydrolyzable groupindicates a Si atom included in (—SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1)) or (—SiR^(13″)_(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1)) where n1 is an integer of 1 to 3.

In the formulae, n1 with respect to each (—SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1)) unitor each (—SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1)) unit is independently aninteger of 0 to 3, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 3. In theformulae, at least two n1 are each an integer of 1 to 3, namely, thereis not any case where all n1 are simultaneously 0. In the formulae, atleast one R¹³ and at least one R^(13″) are present. In formula (A), atleast one —SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1) structure (namely, —SiR¹³ portion)where n1 is 1 or more and at least one —SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1)structure (namely, —SiR^(13″) portion) where n1 is 1 or more arepresent.

Preferably, the Si atom bonded to at least one group selected from thegroup consisting of a hydroxyl group and a hydrolyzable group is presentat both ends of a molecular backbone in formula (A). That is, at leastone —SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1) structure (namely, —SiR¹³ portion) where n1is 1 or more and at least one —SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1) structure(namely, —SiR^(13″) portion) where n1 is 1 or more are present informula (A).

In the formulae, X¹ each independently represents a single bond or a2-10 valent organic group. X¹ is understood to be a linker which links aperfluoropolyether portion (namely, —PFPE- portion) mainly providingwater-repellency, surface lubricity, and the like, and a silane portion(namely, group in parentheses with α1) providing a binding ability tothe base material, in any compound represented by formula (A).Accordingly, X¹ may be a single bond or any organic group as long assuch any compound represented by formula (A) may be stably present.Herein, a left portion and a right portion of the group designated as X¹are bonded to the group represented by PFPE and the group in parentheseswith α1, respectively.

In another embodiment, X¹ may be X^(e). X^(e) represents a single bondor a 2-10 valent organic group, preferably represents a single bond or a2-10 valent organic group having at least one selected from the groupconsisting of —C₆H₄— (namely, -phenylene-, hereinafter, representing aphenylene group), —CO— (carbonyl group), —NR⁴— and —SO₂—. R⁴ eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆alkyl group (preferably a methyl group), preferably represents ahydrogen atom or a methyl group. Such —C₆H₄—, —CO—, —NR⁴— or —SO₂— ispreferably contained in a molecular backbone of the PFPE-containingsilane compound.

X^(e) more preferably represents a single bond or a 2-10 valent organicgroup having at least one selected from the group consisting of —C₆H₄—,—CONR⁴—, —CONR⁴—C₆H₄—, —CO—, —CO—C₆H₄—, —SO₂NR⁴—, —SO₂NR⁴—C₆H₄—, —SO₂—,and —SO₂—C₆H₄—. Such —C₆H₄—, —CONR⁴—, —CONR⁴—C₆H₄—, —CO—, —CO—C₆H₄—,—SO₂NR⁴—, —SO₂NR⁴—C₆H₄—, —SO₂—, or —SO₂—C₆H₄— is preferably contained ina molecular backbone of the PFPE-containing silane compound.

In the formulae, α1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and may be varied dependingon the valence of X¹. In formula (A), α1 corresponds to a value obtainedby subtracting 1 from the valence of X¹. In the case where X¹ is asingle bond, α1 is 1.

X¹ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X¹ is a 2-4 valent organic group, and α1 is 1 to 3.

In another embodiment, X¹ is a divalent organic group, and α1 is 1. Insuch a case, formula (A) is represented by the following formula (A′).

Examples of X¹ are not limited, and include a divalent group representedby the following formula:

—(R³¹)_(p′)—(X^(a))_(q′)—

wherein:

R⁵¹ represents a single bond, —(CH₂)_(s′)—, or an o-, m- or p-phenylenegroup, preferably represents —(CH₂)_(s′)—,

s′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 1 to 6, morepreferably an integer of 1 to 3, still more preferably 1 or 2,

X^(a) represents, —(X^(b))_(l′)—,

X^(b), at each occurrence, each independently represents a groupselected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, o-, m- or p-phenylenegroup, —C(O)O—, —Si(R³³)₂—, —(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—, —CONR³⁴—,—O—CONR³⁴—, —NR³⁴— and —(CH₂)_(n′)—,

R³³, at each occurrence, each independently represents a phenyl group, aC₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably represents a phenylgroup or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably represents a methyl group,

R³⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably a methyl group),

m′, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 100,preferably an integer of 1 to 20,

n′, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 20,preferably an integer of 1 to 6, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3,

l′ is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, morepreferably an integer of 1 to 3,

p′ is 0 or 1, and

q′ is 0 or 1,

provided that at least one of p′ and q′ is 1, and the occurrence orderof the respective repeating units in parentheses with p′ or q′ is notlimited. Here, R⁵¹ and X^(a) (typically, any hydrogen atom in R⁵¹ andX^(a)) are each optionally substituted with one or more substituentsselected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkylgroup.

In one embodiment, l′ is 1.

Preferably, X¹ is —(R⁵¹)_(p′)—(X^(a))_(q′)—R⁵²—. R⁵² represents a singlebond, —(CH₂)_(t′)—, or an o-, m- or p-phenylene group, preferably—(CH₂)_(t′)—. Here, t′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integerof 2 to 6, more preferably an integer of 2 to 3. Here, R⁵² (typically,any hydrogen atom in R⁵²) is optionally substituted with one or moresubstituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and aC₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group.

Preferably, X¹ may be

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—R⁵¹—X^(c)—R⁵²—, or—X^(d)—R⁵²—wherein R⁵¹ and R⁵² are as defined above. Herein, such an alkylene groupis a group having a —(C_(δ)H_(2δ))— structure, and is optionallysubstituted or unsubstituted and is optionally linear or branched.

Further preferably, X¹ is

—X^(f)—,

a —X^(f)—C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)——X^(f)—X^(d)—, or—X^(f)—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein s′ and t′ are as defined above.

In the formulae, X^(f) is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, forexample, a methylene group. Any hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom,a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and is preferablysubstituted. X^(f) may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

More preferably, X¹ is

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)—

—X^(d)—, or

—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein s′ and t′ are as defined above.

In the formulae, X^(c) represents

—O—, —S—, —C(O)O—, —CONR³⁴—, —O—CONR³⁴—,

—Si(R³³)₂—,—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—Si(R³³)₂—O—Si(R³³)₂—CH₂CH₂—Si(R³³)₂—O—Si(R³³)₂—,—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂—,—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—N(R³⁴)—, or—CONR³⁴-(o-, m- or p-phenylene)-Si(R³³)₂—wherein R³³, R³⁴ and m′ are as defined above, and

u′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, morepreferably an integer of 2 to 3. X^(c) is preferably —O—.

In the formulae, X^(d) represents

—S—, —C(O)O—, —CONR³⁴—,

—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—N(R³⁴)—, or—CONR³⁴-(o-, m- or p-phenylene)-Si(R³³)₂—wherein each symbol is as defined above.

Particularly preferably, X¹ is a group represented by

—X^(f)—,

a —X^(f)—C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)——X^(f)—X^(d)—, or—X^(f)—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein X^(f), s′ and t′ are as defined above;

X^(c) represents —O—, or —CONR³⁴—,

X^(d) represents —CONR³⁴—, and

R³⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably a methyl group).

In one embodiment, X¹ is a group represented by

—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)——X^(f)—X^(d)—, or—X^(f)—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein X^(f), s′ and t′ are as defined above;

X^(c) represents —CONR³⁴—,

X^(d) represents —CONR³⁴—, and

R³⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a phenyl group or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably a methyl group).

In one embodiment, X¹ may be,

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)—, or—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein each symbol is as defined above.

Preferably, X¹ is

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(s′)—O—(CH₂)_(t′)—,—(CH₂)_(s′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—(CH₂)_(t′)—,—(CH₂)_(s′)—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—(CH₂)_(t′)—, or—(CH₂)_(s′)—O—(CH₂)_(t′)—Si(R³³)₂—(CH₂)_(u′)—Si(R³³)₂—(C_(v)H_(2v))—wherein R³³, m′, s′, t′ and u′ are as defined above, and v is an integerof 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, more preferably an integerof 2 to 3.

In the formulae, —(C_(v)H_(2v))— is optionally linear or branched, andmay be, for example, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)— or—CH(CH₃)CH₂—.

The X¹ group is optionally substituted with one or more substituentsselected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkylgroup (preferably C₁₋₃ perfluoroalkyl group).

In one embodiment, the X¹ group may be other than a —O—C₁₋₆ alkylenegroup.

In another embodiment, examples of the X¹ group include the followinggroups:

wherein R⁴¹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenylgroup, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxygroup, preferably a methyl group;

D is a group selected from

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl; and

wherein R⁴² each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxygroup, more preferably a methyl group;

E is —(CH₂)_(ne)— (ne is an integer of 2 to 6),

D is bonded to PFPE as a molecular backbone, and E is bonded to anopposite group to PFPE.

Specific examples of X¹ include:

a single bond,—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CH₂OCH₂ (CH₂)₇CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CO— —CONH— —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,—S—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₃—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—, and

—OCFHCF₂—

In particular, X¹ is preferably

—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—, or

—OCFHCF₂—.

In particular, X¹ is more preferably—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—.

In a more preferable embodiment, X¹ represents X^(e′). X^(e′) is asingle bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,—R⁵¹—C₆H₄—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—CONR⁴—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—CONR⁴—C₆H₄—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—CO—R⁵²—,—R⁵¹—CO—C₆H₄—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—SO₂NR⁴—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—SO₂NR⁴—C₆H₄—R⁵²—,—R⁵¹—SO₂—R⁵²—, or —R⁵¹—SO₂—C₆H₄—R⁵²—. R⁵¹ and R⁵² each independentlyrepresent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbonatoms. R⁴ is as defined above. The alkylene group is substituted orunsubstituted, preferably unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent ofthe alkylene group may include a halogen atom, preferably a fluorineatom. The alkylene group is linear or branched, preferably linear.

In a further preferable embodiment, X^(e′) may be

a single bond,

—X^(f)—,

an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatoms,a —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group, preferably a —X^(f)—C₁₋₃ alkylene group,more preferablya —X^(f)—C₁₋₂ alkylene group,—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,

—CO—R^(52′)—,

—CO—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—SO₂—R^(52′)—,—SO₂—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—R^(51′)—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—R^(51′)—CO—,

—R^(51′)—CO—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—SO₂NR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—SO₂NR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—SO₂—,—R^(51′)—SO₂—C₆H₄—,

—CH₄— —CONR^(4′)—,

—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—CO—,

—CO—C₆H₄—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—C₆H₄—

—SO₂—, or

—SO₂—C₆H₄—wherein R^(51′) and R^(52′) each independently represent a linearalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatoms, the alkylene group is substituted or unsubstituted, as describedabove, and examples of the substituent of the alkylene group may includea halogen atom, preferably a fluorine atom, and

R^(4′) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

In particular, X^(e′) may be preferably

—X^(f)—,

an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatoms, ora —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group, preferably a —X^(f)—C₁₋₃ alkylene group,more preferablya —X^(f)—C₁₋₂ alkylene group,—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—CONR^(4′)—,

—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—, or—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—. In the formulae, X^(f), R^(4′), R^(51′) andR^(52′) each are as defined above.

In particular, X^(e′) may be more preferably

—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—CONR^(4′)—,

—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—, or—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—.

In the present embodiment, specific examples of X^(e′) include

a single bond,a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example,—CF₂—, —(CF₂)₂—),an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,—CF₂—C₁₋₆ alkylene group,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂——CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)CH₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—CONH—,

—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,

—CO—,

—CO—C₆H₄—,—C₆H₄—,

—SO₂NH—,

—SO₂NH—CH₂—,—SO₂NH—(CH₂)₂—,—SO₂NH—(CH₂)₃—,—SO₂NH—C₆H₄—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—CH₂—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,

—SO₂—,

—SO₂—CH₂—,—SO₂—(CH₂)₂—,—SO₂—(CH₂)₃—, or—SO₂—C₆H₄—.In the above list, examples of preferable X^(e′) includean alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, —CF₂—and —(CF₂)₂—)_(r)a —CF₂—C₁₋₆ alkylene group,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)CH₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—CONH—,

—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄——CF₂—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—, and—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄.In the above list, examples of more preferable X^(e′) include

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)CH₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—CONH—,

—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄——CF₂—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—, or—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—.

In one embodiment, X^(e′) is a single bond. In the present embodiment,PFPE and a group having a binding ability to the base material (namely,group in parentheses with α1 in (A)) are directly bonded.

In still another embodiment, X¹ is a group represented by formula:—(R¹⁶)_(x)—(CFR¹⁷)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—. In the formula, x, y and z are eachindependently an integer of 0 to 10, the sum of x, y and z is 1 or more,and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses is not limited in the formula.

In the formula, R¹⁶, at each occurrence, each independently representsan oxygen atom, phenylene, carbazolylene, —NR¹⁸—, wherein R¹⁸ representsa hydrogen atom or an organic group, or a divalent organic group.Preferably, R¹⁶ is an oxygen atom or a divalent polar group.

The “divalent polar group” is not limited, and examples thereof include—C(O)—, —C(═NR¹⁹)—, and —C(O) NR¹⁹—, wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogenatom or a lower alkyl group. The “lower alkyl group” is, for example, analkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethylgroup, or a n-propyl group, and such a group is optionally substitutedwith one or more fluorine atoms.

In the formula, R¹⁷, at each occurrence, is each independently ahydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a lower fluoroalkyl group, preferablya fluorine atom. The “lower fluoroalkyl group” is, for example, afluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatoms, preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,more preferably a trifluoromethyl group or a pentafluoroethyl group,further preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

In this embodiment, X¹ is preferably a group represented by formula:—(O)_(x)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—, wherein x, y and z are as defined above,and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses is not limited in the formula.

Examples of the group represented by formula:—(O)_(x)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)— include any group represented by—(O)_(x′)—(CH₂)_(z″)—O—[(CH₂)_(z′″)—O—]_(z″″), and—(O)_(x′)—(CF₂)_(y″)—(CH₂)_(z″)—O—[(CH₂)_(z′″)—O—]_(z″″), wherein x′ is0 or 1, y″, z″ and z′″ are each independently an integer of 1 to 10, andz″″ is 0 or 1. Herein, a left end of such a group is bonded to PFPE.

In another preferable embodiment, X¹ is —O—CFR²⁰—(CF₂)_(e′)—.

R²⁰ each independently represents a fluorine atom or a lower fluoroalkylgroup. The lower fluoroalkyl group is, for example, a fluoroalkyl grouphaving 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a trifluoromethyl group or apentafluoroethyl group, further preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

e′ is each independently 0 or 1.

In one specific example, R²⁰ is a fluorine atom and e′ is 1.

In still another embodiment, examples of the X¹ group include thefollowing groups:

wherein

R⁴¹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, analkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,preferably a methyl group;

any number of the Ts in each X¹ group is the following group bonded toPFPE as a molecular backbone:

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl, or

wherein R⁴² each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxygroup, more preferably a methyl group, some other of the Ts is—(CH₂)_(n″)— (n″ is an integer of 2 to 6) bonded to an opposite group toPFPE as a molecular backbone, and the remaining T, if present, may beindependently a methyl group, a phenyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, or aradical scavenging group or an UV absorbing group. Also in theembodiment, a left portion and a right portion of the group designatedas X¹ are bonded to the group represented by PFPE and the group inparentheses with α1, respectively.

The radical scavenging group is not limited as long as it may scavenge aradial generated by light irradiation, and examples thereof include aresidue of benzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzoates, phenyl salicylates,crotonic acids, malonates, organoacrylates, hindered amines, hinderedphenols, or triazines.

The UV absorbing group is not limited as long as it can absorbultraviolet light, and examples thereof include a residue ofbenzotriazoles, hydroxybenzophenones, esters of substituted andunsubstituted benzoic acid or salicylic acid compounds, acrylates oralkoxy cinnamates, oxamides, oxanilides, benzoxazinones, andbenzoxazoles.

In a preferable embodiment, examples of a preferable radical scavenginggroup or an UV absorbing group include

In this embodiment, X¹ (and, the following X³, X⁵ and X⁷) may be a 3-10valent organic group.

In the formulae, X², at each occurrence, each independently represents asingle bond or a divalent organic group. X² is preferably an alkylenegroup having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably —(CH₂)_(u)—, whereinu is an integer of 0 to 2.

In the formulae, t is each independently an integer of 1 to 10. In apreferable embodiment, t is an integer of 1 to 6. In another preferableembodiment, t is an integer of 2 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 6.

A preferable compound represented by formula (A) is a compoundrepresented by the following formula (A′):

wherein:

PFPE, at each occurrence, is each independently a group represented byformula:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃F₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—

wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are each independently an integer of 0 ormore and 200 or less, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is at least 1, andthe occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheseswith a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula;

R¹³, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydroxyl groupor a hydrolyzable group;

R¹⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atomor an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms;

R¹¹, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atomor a halogen atom;

R¹², at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atomor a lower alkyl group;

R^(11″), R^(12″), R^(13″), R^(14″) are as defined for R¹¹, R¹², R¹³,R¹⁴, respectively;

n1 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 3;

X¹, at each occurrence, is each independently —O—CFR²⁰—(CF₂)_(e′)—;

R²⁰, at each occurrence, is each independently a fluorine atom or alower fluoroalkyl group;

e′, at each occurrence, is each independently 0 or 1;

X² is —(CH₂)_(u)—;

u, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and

t, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 2 to 10.

Such any compound represented by formula (A) may be obtained by, forexample, introducing iodine into an end of a perfluoropolyetherderivative corresponding to a —PFPE-portion, as a raw material, andreacting a vinyl monomer corresponding to —CH₂CR¹² (X²—SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴_(3-n1))—.

Formula (B):

[Formula 12]

(R¹⁴ _(3-n1)R¹³ _(n1)Si)_(β1)—X³—PFPE-X³—(SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″)_(3-n1))_(β1)  (B)

In formula (B), PFPE, R¹³, R^(13″), R¹⁴, R^(14″) and n1 are as definedfor the formula (A).

In formula (B), the Si atom bonded to at least one group selected fromthe group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a hydrolyzable groupindicates a Si atom included in (SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1)) or (—SiR^(13″)_(n1)R^(14″) _(3n-1)) where n1 is an integer of 1 to 3.

In the formulae, n1 with respect to each (—SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1)) unitor each (—SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3n-1)) unit is independently aninteger of 0 to 3, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 3. In theformulae, at least two n1 are each an integer of 1 to 3, namely, thereis not any case where all n1 are simultaneously 0. That is, at least twoR¹³ or R^(13″) are present in the formulae. That is, at least twostructures selected from the group consisting of a —SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴_(3-n1) structure (namely, —SiR¹³ portion) where n1 is 1 or more and a—SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1) structure (namely, —SiR^(13″) portion)where n1 is 1 or more are present in formula (B).

More preferably, at least one Si bonded to the hydroxyl group or thehydrolyzable group is present at each of both ends of a molecularbackbone of the PFPE-containing silane compound, in formula (B). Thatis, at least one SiR¹³ portion is present, and at least one SiR^(13″)portion is present.

In the formulae, X³ each independently represents a single bond or a2-10 valent organic group. X³ is understood to be a linker which links aperfluoropolyether portion (namely, —PFPE- portion) mainly providingwater-repellency, surface lubricity, and the like, and a silane portion(specifically, —SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1) or —SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″)_(3-n1)) providing a binding ability to the base material, in anycompound represented by formula (B). Accordingly, X³ may be a singlebond or any organic group as long as such any compound represented byformula (B) may be stably present. Herein, a left portion and a rightportion of the structure designated as X³ are bonded to the grouprepresented by PFPE and the group in parentheses with β1, respectively.

In another embodiment, X³ represents X^(e). X^(e) is as defined above.

In the formulae, β1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and may be varied dependingon the valence of X³. In formula (B), β1 corresponds to a value obtainedby subtracting 1 from the value of the valence of X³. In the case whereX³ is a single bond, β1 is 1.

X³ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X³ is a 2-4 valent organic group, and β1 is 1 to 3.

In another embodiment, X³ is a divalent organic group, and β1 is 1. Insuch a case, formula (B) is represented by the following formula (B′).

[Formula 13]

R¹⁴ _(3-n1)R¹³ _(n1)Si—X³—PFPE-X³—SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1)  (B′)

Examples of X³ are not limited, and include the same as described withrespect to X¹.

In particular, preferable specific examples of X³ include

a single bond,—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂))₂—,CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂₀CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂₀CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂₀CF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂₀CF(CF₃)CF₂₀CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂₀CF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,CH₂OCH₂ (CH₂)₇CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CO—, —CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,—S—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₃—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—, and

—OCFHCF₂—

In particular, X³ is preferably

—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—,

—OCFHCF₂—.

In particular, X³ is more preferably

—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—.

In another preferable embodiment, X³ represents X^(e′). X^(e′) is asdefined above.

In one embodiment, X^(e′) is a single bond. In the present embodiment,PFPE and a group having a binding ability to the base material (namely,group in parentheses with β1 in (B)) are directly bonded.

In one embodiment, at least two Si each bonded to the hydroxyl group orthe hydrolyzable group are present in formula (B). That is, at least twoSiR¹³ portions are present in formula (B).

A preferable compound represented by formula (B) is a compoundrepresented by the following formula (B′):

[Formula 15]

R¹⁴ _(3-n1)R¹³ _(n1)Si—X³—PFPE-X³—SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1)  (B′)

wherein:

PFPE, at each occurrence, is each independently a group represented byformula:

(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃F₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—

wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are each independently an integer of 0 ormore and 200 or less, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is at least 1, andthe occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheseswith a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula;

R¹³, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydroxyl groupor a hydrolyzable group;

R¹⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atomor an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms;

R^(13″) and R^(14″) are as defined for R¹³ and R¹⁴, respectively;

n1 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 3; and

X³ is —CH₂O(CH₂)₂—, —CH₂O(CH₂)₃— or —CH₂O(CH₂)₆—.

Such any compound represented by formula (B) can be produced by a knownmethod, for example, a method described in JP 2013-117012 A, or animproved method thereof.

Formula (C):

[Formula 16]

(R^(e) _(m1)R^(b) ₁₁R^(a) _(k1)Si)_(γ1)—X⁵—PFPE-X⁵—(SiR^(a″) _(k1)R^(b″)_(l1)R^(c″) _(m1))_(γ1)  (C)

In formula (C), PFPE is as defined above.

In the formula, X⁵ each independently represents a single bond or a 2-10valent organic group. X⁵ is understood to be a linker which links aperfluoropolyether portion (namely, —PFPE- portion) mainly providingwater-repellency, surface lubricity, and the like, and a silane portion(specifically, —SiR^(a) _(k1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1) group or —SiR^(a″)_(k1)R^(b″) _(l1)R^(c″) _(m1) group) providing a binding ability to thebase material, in any compound represented by formula (C). Accordingly,X⁵ may be a single bond or any organic group as long as such anycompound represented by formula (C) may be stably present. Herein, aleft portion and a right portion of the structure designated as X⁵ arebonded to the group represented by PFPE and the group in parentheseswith γ1, respectively.

In another embodiment, X⁵ represents X^(e). X^(e) is as defined above.

In the formula, γ1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and γ1 may be varieddepending on the valence of X⁵. In formula (C), γ1 corresponds to avalue obtained by subtracting 1 from the value of the valence of X⁵.

X⁵ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X⁵ is a 2-4 valent organic group, and γ1 is 1 to 3.

In another embodiment, X⁵ is a divalent organic group, and γ1 is 1. Insuch a case, formula (C) is represented by the following formula (C′).

[Formula 17]

R^(c) _(m1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(a) _(k1)Si—X⁵—PFPE-X⁵—SiR^(a″) _(k1)R^(b″)_(l1)R^(c″) _(m1)  (C′)

Examples of X⁵ are not limited, and include the same as described withrespect to X¹.

In particular, preferable specific examples of X⁵ include

a single bond,—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CH₂OCH₂ (CH₂)₇CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CO—, —CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,—S—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₃—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—, and

—OCFHCF₂—

In particular, X⁵ is preferably

—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂₀CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—,

—OCFHCF₂—.

In particular, X⁵ is more preferably

—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—.

In another preferable embodiment, X⁵ represents X^(e′). X^(e′) is asdefined above.

In one embodiment, X^(e′) is a single bond. In the present embodiment,PFPE and a group having a binding ability to the base material (namely,group in parentheses with γ1 in formula (C)) are directly bonded.

In the formula, R^(a), at each occurrence, each independently represents—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1).

In the formula, Z³, at each occurrence, each independently represents anoxygen atom or a divalent organic group.

Z³ is preferably a divalent organic group, and does not encompass anygroup which is taken together with a Si atom at an end of a molecularbackbone in formula (C) (Si atom to which R^(a) is bonded) to form asiloxane bond.

Z³ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, —(CH₂)_(g)—O—(CH₂)_(h)—, whereing is an integer of 1 to 6, h is an integer of 1 to 6), or-phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—, wherein i is an integer of 0 to 6), morepreferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group. Such a group is optionally substitutedwith one or more substituents selected from, for example, a fluorineatom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.Z³ is more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group, furtherpreferably a linear alkylene group from the viewpoint of particularlyfavorable ultraviolet durability. The number of carbon atomsconstituting the alkylene group of Z³ is preferably in the range from 1to 6, more preferably in the range from 1 to 3. The alkylene group is asdescribed above.

In the formulae, R⁷¹, at each occurrence, each independently representsR^(a′). R^(a′) is as defined for R^(a).

The number of Si linearly linked via a Z³ group is at most 5 in R^(a).That is, in the case where at least one R⁷¹ is present in R^(a), two ormore Si atoms linearly linked via a Z³ group are present in R^(a), andthe number of such Si atoms linearly linked via a Z³ group is at most 5.Herein, the “number of Si atoms linearly linked via a Z³ group in R^(a)”is equal to the number of repeatings of —Z³—Si-linearly linked in R^(a).

One example is represented below, where Si atoms are linked via a Z³group in R^(a).

In the formula, “*” means a site bonded to Si of a main chain, and “ . .. ” means that a predetermined group other than Z³Si is bonded, namely,“ . . . ” means a position at which repeating of Z³Si is terminated inthe case where all three bonds of a Si atom are “ . . . ”. Thesuperscript number in Si means the number of occurrence of Si linearlylinked via a Z³ group when counted from “*”. That is, a chain whererepeating of Z³Si is terminated at Sit is a chain where the “number ofSi atoms linearly linked via a Z³ group in R^(a)” is 2, and similarly,chains where repeating of Z³Si is terminated at Si³, Si⁴ and Si⁵ meanchains where the “number of Si atoms linearly linked via a Z³ group inR^(a)” is 3, 4 and 5, respectively. As clear from the formula, aplurality of Z³Si chains are present in R^(a), and all the chains do notnecessarily have the same length, and, for example, may each have anylength.

In a preferable embodiment, the “number of Si atoms linearly linked viaa Z³ group in R^(a)” is 1 (left formula) or 2 (right formula) in allchains, as represented below.

In one embodiment, the number of Si atoms linearly linked via a Z³ groupin R^(a) is 1 or 2, preferably 1.

In the formulae, R⁷², at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. The “hydrolyzable group” is asdefined above.

Preferably, R⁷² is —OR, wherein R represents a substituted orunsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group.

In the formulae, R⁷³, at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group ispreferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferablyan alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferably a methylgroup.

In the formulae, p1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; q1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; and r1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3, provided that the sum of p1, q1 and r1 with respectto (—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)) is 3.

In a preferable embodiment, q1 in R^(a′) (R^(a) in the case where noR^(a′) is present) at an end of R^(a) is preferably 2 or more, forexample, 2 or 3, more preferably 3.

In a preferable embodiment, at least one end of R^(a) may be—Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂R⁷² _(q1′)R⁷³ _(r1′) (provided that atleast any one of q1′ and r1′ is 1 and the other is 0), or —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷²_(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, preferably —Si(—Z³SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃ (wherein thetotal of q1 and r1 is 3). In the formula, a (—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))unit is preferably (—Z³—SiR⁷² ₃). In a further preferable embodiment,all ends of R^(a) may be —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, preferably—Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₃.

In a preferable embodiment, an end of a group represented by (SiR^(a)_(k1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)) may be —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂R^(b)_(l1)R^(c) _(m1) (provided that any one of l1 and m1 is 1 and the otheris 0), —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂R⁷² _(q1′)R⁷³ _(r1′) (provided thatany one of q1′ and r1′ is 1 and the other is 0), or —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷²_(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, preferably —Si(—Z³—SiR⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃ (wherein thetotal of q1 and r1 is 3).

In the formulae, R^(a″), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1). Z³, R⁷¹, R⁷³, p1, q1and r1 are as defined above. R^(72″) is as defined for R⁷².

In a preferable embodiment, at least one end of R^(a″) may be—Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂R^(72″) _(q1′)R⁷³ _(r1′) (providedthat at least any one of q1′ and r1′ is 1 and the other is 0), or—Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, preferably —Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″)_(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃ (wherein the total of q1 and r1 is 3). In the formula,a (—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)) unit is preferably (—Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃).In a further preferable embodiment, all ends of R^(a) may be—Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, preferably —Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃)₃.

In a preferable embodiment, an end of a group represented by (SiR^(a″)_(k1)R^(b″) _(l1)R^(c″) _(m1)) may be —Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³_(r1))₂R^(b″) _(l1)R^(c″) _(m1) (provided that any one of l1 and m1 is 1and the other is 0), —Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₂R^(72″) _(q1′)R⁷³_(r1′) (provided that any one of q1′ and r1′ is 1 and the other is 0),or —Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃, preferably —Si(—Z³—SiR^(72″)_(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))₃ (wherein the total of q1 and r1 is 3).

At least two Si atoms each bonded to the hydroxyl group or thehydrolyzable group are present in formula (C). That is, at least twostructures selected from the group consisting of SiR⁷², SiR^(72″),SiR^(b) and SiR^(b″) are present. R^(b) and R^(b″) are described below.

At least one Si bonded to the hydroxyl group or the hydrolyzable groupis present at each of both ends of a molecular backbone of thePFPE-containing silane compound, in formula (C). That is, at least oneSiR⁷² and/or SiR^(b) structure is present, and at least one SiR^(72″)and/or SiR^(b″) structure is present.

In the formulae, R^(b), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R^(b) preferably represents a hydroxyl group, —OR, —OCOR, —O—N═C(R)₂,—N(R)₂, —NHR, or halogen, wherein R represents a substituted orunsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R^(b) morepreferably represents —OR. Examples of R include unsubstituted alkylgroups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, anisopropyl group, a n-butyl group and an isobutyl group; and substitutedalkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among them, an alkyl group,in particular, an unsubstituted alkyl group is preferable, and a methylgroup or an ethyl group is more preferable. The hydroxyl group is notlimited, and, may be generated by hydrolyzing the hydrolyzable group.More preferably, R^(b) represents —OR, wherein R represents asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, more preferably a methylgroup.

In the formulae, R^(b″) is as defined for R^(b).

In the formulae, R^(c), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl groupis preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, morepreferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferablya methyl group.

In the formulae, R^(c″) is as defined for R^(c).

In the formulae, k1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; l1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; and m1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3, provided that the sum of k1, l1 and m1 with respectto (SiR^(a) _(k1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)) or with respect to (SiR^(a″)_(k1)R^(b″) _(l1)R^(c″) _(m1)) is 3.

In one embodiment, k1 is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 3.

Such any compound represented by formula (C) can be synthesized asdescribed in WO 2014/069592.

Formula (D):

[Formula 21]

(R^(f) _(m2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(d) _(k2)C)_(δ1)—X⁷—PFPE-X⁷—(CR^(d″)_(k2)R^(e″) _(l2)R^(f″) _(m2))_(δ1)  (D)

In formula (D), PFPE described with respect to is as defined for formula(A).

In the formula, X⁷ each independently represents a single bond or a 2-10valent organic group. X⁷ is understood to be a linker which links aperfluoropolyether portion (namely, —PFPE- portion) mainly providingwater-repellency, surface lubricity, and the like, and a portion(namely, group in parentheses with δ1) providing a binding ability tothe base material, in any compound represented by formula (D).Accordingly, X⁷ may be a single bond or any organic group as long assuch any compound represented by formula (D) may be stably present.Herein, a left portion and a right portion of the structure designatedas X⁷ are bonded to the group represented by PFPE and the group inparentheses with δ1, respectively.

In another embodiment, X⁷ represents X^(e). X^(e) is as defined above.

In the formulae, δ1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and δ1 may be varieddepending on the valence of X⁷. In formula (D), δ1 corresponds to avalue obtained by subtracting 1 from the valence of X⁷. In the casewhere X⁷ is a single bond, δ1 is 1.

X⁷ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X⁷ is a 2-4 valent organic group, and δ1 is 1 to 3.

In another embodiment, X⁷ is a divalent organic group, and δ1 is 1. Insuch a case, formula (D) is represented by the following formula (D′):

[Formula 22]

R^(f) _(m2)R^(e) _(l2)R^(d) _(k2)C—X⁷—PFPE-X⁷—CR^(d″) _(k2)R^(e″)_(l2)R^(f″) _(m2)  (D′)

Examples of X⁷ are not limited, and include the same as described withrespect to X¹.

In particular, preferable specific examples of X⁷ include

a single bond,—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,CH₂OCH₂ (CH₂)₇CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CO—, —CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,—S—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₃—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—, and

—OCFHCF₂—

In particular, specific X⁷ is more preferably—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—,

—OCFHCF₂—.

In particular, X⁷ is more preferably—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—.

In a more preferable embodiment, X⁷ represents X^(e′). X^(e′) is asdefined above.

In one embodiment, X^(e′) is a single bond. In the present embodiment,PFPE and a group having a binding ability to the base material (namely,group in parentheses with δ1 in formula (D)) are directly bonded. It isconsidered that such a structure is included to thereby strengthen abonding force between PFPE and the group in parentheses with δ1. It isalso considered that a carbon atom (namely, a carbon atom bonded toR^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) or R^(d″), R^(e″) and R^(f″) in the group inparentheses with δ1) directly bonded to PFPE is less biased in chargeand, as a result, a nucleophilic reaction or the like hardly occurs atthe carbon atom and the compound is stably bonded to the base material.Such a structure has the advantage of being capable of more enhancingfriction durability of a layer formed by the PFPE silane compound.

In the formulae, R^(d), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2).

In the formulae, Z⁴, at each occurrence, each independently representsan oxygen atom or a divalent organic group.

Z⁴ is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, —(CH₂)_(g)—O—(CH₂)_(h)—, whereing is an integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6, and h isan integer of 0 to 6, for example, an integer of 1 to 6, or-phenylene-(CH₂)_(i)—, wherein i is an integer of 0 to 6, morepreferably a C₁₋₃ alkylene group. Such a group is optionally substitutedwith one or more substituents selected from, for example, a fluorineatom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.

In the formulae, R⁸¹, at each occurrence, each independently representsR^(d′). R^(d′) is as defined for R^(d).

The number of C linearly linked via a Z⁴ group is at most 5 in R^(d).That is, in the case where at least one R⁸¹ is present in R^(d), two ormore C atoms linearly linked via a Z⁴ group are present in R^(d), andthe number of such C atoms linearly linked via a Z⁴ group is at most 5.Herein, the “number of C atoms linearly linked via a Z⁴ group in R^(d)”is equal to the number of repeating units of —Z⁴—C— linearly linked inR^(d).

In a preferable embodiment, the “number of C atoms linearly linked via aZ⁴ group in R^(d)” is 1 (left formula) or 2 (right formula) in allchains, as represented below.

In one embodiment, the number of C atoms linearly linked via a Z⁴ groupin R^(d) is 1 or 2, preferably 1.

In the formulae, R⁸², at each occurrence, each independently represents—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2).

Y, at each occurrence, each independently represents a divalent organicgroup.

In a preferable embodiment, Y is a C₁₋₆ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(g′)—O—(CH₂)_(h′)—, wherein g′ is an integer of 0 to 6, forexample, an integer of 1 to 6, and h′ is an integer of 0 to 6, forexample, an integer of 1 to 6, or -phenylene-(CH₂)_(i′)—, wherein i′ isan integer of 0 to 6. Such a group is optionally substituted with one ormore substituents selected from, for example, a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₆alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group and a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group.

In one embodiment, Y may be a C₁₋₆ alkylene group or-phenylene-(CH₂)_(i′)—. In the case where Y is any of the above groups,light resistance, in particular, ultraviolet resistance can be moreenhanced.

R⁸⁵, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydroxyl groupor a hydrolyzable group.

Examples of the “hydrolyzable group” include the same as in formula (C).

Preferably, R⁸⁵ is —OR, wherein R represents a substituted orunsubstituted C₁₋₃ alkyl group, more preferably an ethyl group or amethyl group, in particular, a methyl group.

R⁸⁶, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atomor a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkylgroup having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferably a methyl group.

n2 with respect to a (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit or with respect toa (—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2)) unit independently represents aninteger of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 2 or3, particularly preferably 3. R^(85″) and R^(86″) are described below.

R⁸³, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a hydroxyl group or a lower alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or alower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group is preferably an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to6 carbon atoms, further preferably a methyl group.

In the formulae, p2, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; q2, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; and r2, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3, provided that the sum of p2, q2 and r2 with respectto (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)) or with respect to (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹_(p2)R^(82″) _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)) is 3. R^(82″) is described below.

In a preferable embodiment, q2 in R^(d′) (R^(d) in the case where noR^(d′) is present) at an end of R^(d) is preferably 2 or more, forexample, 2 or 3, more preferably 3.

In a preferable embodiment, at least one end of R^(d) may be —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵_(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂ (specifically, C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R⁸³) or—C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, preferably —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶_(3-n2))₃. Here, n2 is an integer of 1 to 3. In the formulae, a(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit is preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃). In afurther preferable embodiment, all ends of R^(d) may be each —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵_(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, preferably —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₃.

In one embodiment, an end of a group represented by (CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e)_(l2)R^(f) _(m2)) is C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R^(f), C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵_(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₂R⁸³ or C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, preferablyC(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃. Here, n2 is an integer of 1 to 3. In theformulae, a (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit is preferably (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃).In a further preferable embodiment, all ends of the group may be each—C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2))₃, preferably —C(—Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₃.

In the formulae, R^(d″), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R^(82″) _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2). Z⁴, R⁸¹, R⁸³, p2, q2and r2 are as defined above. R^(82″), at each occurrence, eachindependently represents —Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2). Here, Y andn2 are as defined above. R^(85″) and R^(86″) are as defined for R⁸⁵ andR⁸⁶, respectively.

In a preferable embodiment, q2 in R^(d′) (R^(d″) in the case where noR^(d′) is present) at an end of R^(d″) is preferably 2 or more, forexample, 2 or 3, more preferably 3.

In a preferable embodiment, at least one end of R^(d″) may be—C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₂ (specifically, —C(—Y—SiR^(85″)_(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₂R⁸³) or —C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₃,preferably —C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₃. Here, n2 is aninteger of 1 to 3. In the formulae, a (—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″)_(3-n2)) unit is preferably (—Y—SiR^(85″) ₃). In a further preferableembodiment, all ends of R^(d) may be each —C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″)_(3-n2))₃, preferably —C(—Y—SiR^(85″) ₃)₃.

In one embodiment, an end of a group represented by (CR^(d″) _(k2)R^(e″)_(l2)R^(f″) _(m2)) is C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₂R^(f″),C(—Y—SiR^(88″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₂R⁸³ or C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″)_(3-n2))₃, preferably C(—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₃. Here, n2 isan integer of 1 to 3. In the formulae, a (—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″)_(3-n2)) unit is preferably (—Y—SiR^(85″) ₃). In a further preferableembodiment, all ends of the group may be each C(—Y—SiR^(85″)_(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₃, preferably C(—Y—SiR^(85″) ₃)₃.

In the formulae, R^(e), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2). Here, Y, R⁸⁵, R⁸⁶ and n2 are asdefined for described in R⁸².

In the formulae, R^(e″), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2). Here, R^(85″), R^(86″), Y,and n2 are as defined above.

In the formulae, R^(f), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a lower alkyl group.Preferably, R^(f), at each occurrence, each independently represents ahydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The lower alkyl group ispreferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferablyan alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further preferably a methylgroup.

In the formulae, R^(f″) is as defined for R^(f).

In the formulae, k2, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; l2, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3; and m2, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 0 to 3, provided that the sum of k2, l2 and m2 is 3.

In one embodiment, at least one k2 is 2 or 3, preferably 3.

In one embodiment, k2 is 2 or 3, preferably 3.

In one embodiment, l2 is 2 or 3, preferably 3.

In formula (D), one or more groups represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵ and one ormore groups represented by —Y—SiR^(85″) are present. More preferably,one or more carbon atoms bonded to two or more —Y—SiR⁸⁵ are present, andone or more carbon atoms bonded to two or more —Y—SiR^(85″) are present.That is, one or more groups represented by —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶_(3-n2))₂ and one or more groups represented by —C—(Y—SiR^(85″)_(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2))₂, wherein n2 is an integer of 1 to 3, arepreferably present in formula (D).

In formula (D), n2 is an integer of 1 to 3 and at least one q2 is 2 or3, or at least one l2 is 2 or 3.

In formula (D), at least two —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2) groups or—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2) groups are preferably present. Informula (D), one or more —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2) groups and one ormore —Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2) groups are more preferablypresent. That is, a group containing —SiR⁸⁵ and a group containing—SiR^(85″) are preferably present at each of both ends of a molecularbackbone of the PFPE-containing silane compound.

The compound represented by formula (D) can be produced by combiningknown methods.

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound is a compoundrepresented by formula (A).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound is a compoundrepresented by formula (B).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound is a compoundrepresented by formula (C).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound is a compoundrepresented by formula (D).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound is represented byformula (A), (C) or (D).

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing silane compound has two or more,preferably three or more Si atoms each having a hydroxyl group or ahydrolyzable group at at least one end.

The PFPE-containing silane compound may have a number average molecularweight of 5×10² to 1×10³, without any limitation. In particular, thecompound preferably has a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to30,000, more preferably 2,500 to 12,000, further preferably 3,000 to6,000. In the present invention, the number average molecular weight isdefined as a value obtained by ¹⁹F-NMR measurement.

The PFPE-containing unsaturated compound is a PFPE group-containingcompound having a carbon-carbon double bond at each of both molecularends.

The PFPE-containing unsaturated compound is preferably a compoundrepresented by the following formula (I).

CH₂═CH—R^(k1)—PFPE-R^(k1)—CH═CH₂  (I)

In formula (I), PFPE is as defined above.

In formula (I), R^(k1), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a single bond or a divalent organic group.

R^(k1) is understood to be a linker which links a perfluoro(poly)etherportion (namely, —PFPE- portion) mainly providing water-repellency,surface lubricity, and the like, and an alkenyl group. Accordingly,R^(k1) may be a single bond or any organic group as long as thePFPE-containing compound may be stably present. Herein, a left portionand a right portion of R^(k1) are bonded to the group represented byPFPE and the —CH═CH₂ portion of formula (I), respectively.

In one embodiment, R^(k1) (provided that such a group is divalent) mayhave the same meaning as X^(e) with respect to the PFPE-containingsilane compound.

R^(k1) is understood to be a linker which links a perfluoro(poly)etherportion (namely, —PFPE- portion) mainly providing water-repellency,surface lubricity, and the like, and an alkenyl group. Accordingly,R^(k1) may be a single bond or any organic group as long as thePFPE-containing compound may be stably present.

In another embodiment, R^(k1) may be X^(e). X^(e) represents a singlebond or a divalent organic group, preferably represents a single bond ora divalent organic group having at least one selected from the groupconsisting of —C₆H₄— (namely, -phenylene-, hereinafter, representing aphenylene group), —CO— (carbonyl group), —NR⁴— and —SO₂—. R⁴ eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆alkyl group (preferably a methyl group), preferably represents ahydrogen atom or a methyl group. Such —C₆H₄—, —CO—, —NR⁴— or —SO₂— ispreferably contained in a molecular backbone of the PFPE-containingunsaturated compound. The molecular backbone here represents arelatively longest binding chain in a molecule of the PFPE-containingunsaturated compound.

X^(e) more preferably represents a single bond or a divalent organicgroup having at least one selected from the group consisting of —C₆H₄—,—CONR⁴—, —CONR⁴—C₆H₄—, —CO—, —CO—C₆H₄—, —SO₂NR⁴—, —SO₂NR⁴—C₆H₄—, —SO₂—,and —SO₂—C₆H₄—. Such —C₆H₄—, —CONR⁴—, —CONR⁴—C₆H₄—, —CO—, —CO—C₆H₄—,—SO₂NR⁴—, —SO₂NR⁴—C₆H₄—, —SO₂—, or —SO₂—C₆H₄— is preferably contained ina molecular backbone of the PFPE-containing unsaturated compound.

Examples of R^(k1) are not limited, and include a divalent grouprepresented by the following formula:

—(R³¹)_(p′)—(X^(a))_(q′)—

wherein:

R³¹ represents a single bond, —(CH₂)_(s′)—, or an o-, m- or p-phenylenegroup, preferably represents —(CH₂)_(s′)—,

s′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 1 to 6, morepreferably an integer of 1 to 3, still more preferably 1 or 2,

X^(a) represents, —(X^(b))_(l′)—,

X^(b), at each occurrence, each independently represents a groupselected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, o-, m- or p-phenylenegroup, —C(O)O—, —Si(R³³)₂—, —(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—, —CONR³⁴—,—O—CONR³⁴—, —NR³⁴— and —(CH₂)_(n′)—,

R³³, at each occurrence, each independently represents a phenyl group, aC₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably represents a phenylgroup or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, more preferably represents a methyl group,

R³⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably a methyl group),

m′, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 100,preferably an integer of 1 to 20,

n′, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 20,preferably an integer of 1 to 6, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3,

l′ is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, morepreferably an integer of 1 to 3,

p′ is 0 or 1, and

q′ is 0 or 1,

provided that at least one of p′ and q′ is 1, and the occurrence orderof the respective repeating units in parentheses with p′ or q′ is notlimited. Here, R⁵¹ and X^(a) (typically, any hydrogen atom in R⁵¹ andX^(a)) are each optionally substituted with one or more substituentsselected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkylgroup.

In one embodiment, l′ is 1.

Preferably, R^(k1) is —(R³¹)_(p′)—(X^(a))_(q′)—R³²—. R³² represents asingle bond, —(CH₂)_(t′)—, or an o-, m- or p-phenylene group, preferably—(CH₂)_(t′)—. Here, t′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integerof 2 to 6, more preferably an integer of 2 to 3. In one embodiment, t′is an integer of 1 to 6, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, forexample, 1 or 2, more specifically 1. Here, R³² (typically, any hydrogenatom in R³²) is optionally substituted with one or more substituentsselected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkylgroup.

Preferably, R^(k1) may be

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—R³¹—X^(c)—R³²—, or—X^(d)—R³²—wherein R⁵¹ and R³² are as defined above. Herein, such an alkylene groupis a group having a —(C_(δ)H_(2δ))— structure, and is optionallysubstituted or unsubstituted and is optionally linear or branched.

More preferably, R^(k1) is

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)—

—X^(d)—, or

—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein s′ and t′ are as defined above.

Further preferably, R^(k1) is

—X^(f)—,

a —X^(f)—C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)——X^(f)—X^(d)—, or—X^(f)—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein s′ and t′ are as defined above.

In the formulae, X^(f) is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, forexample, a methylene group. Any hydrogen atom in X^(f) is optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom,a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkyl group, and is preferablysubstituted. X^(f) may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

In the formulae, X^(c) represents

—O—, —S—, —C(O)O—, —CONR³⁴—, —O—CONR³⁴—,

—Si(R³³)₂—,—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—Si(R³³)₂—O—Si(R³³)₂—CH₂CH₂—Si(R³³)₂—O—Si(R³³)₂—,—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂—,—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—N(R³⁴)—, or—CONR³⁴-(o-, m- or p-phenylene)-Si(R³³)₂—wherein R³³, R³⁴ and m′ are as defined above, and

u′ is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of

2 to 6, more preferably an integer of 2 to 3. X^(c) is preferably —O—.

In the formulae, X^(d) represents

—S—, —C(O)O—, —CONR³⁴—,

—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—,—CONR³⁴—(CH₂)_(u′)—N(R³⁴)—, or—CONR³⁴-(o-, m- or p-phenylene)-Si(R³³)₂—wherein each symbol is as defined above.

Particularly preferably, R^(k1) is a group represented by

—X^(f)—,

a —X^(f)—C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)——X^(f)—X^(d)—, or—X^(f)—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein X^(f), s′ and t′ are as defined above;

X^(c) represents —O—, or —CONR³⁴—,

X^(d) represents —CONR³⁴—, and

R³⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a phenyl group, or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably a methyl group).

In one embodiment, R^(k1) is a group represented by

—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—,—X^(f)—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)——X^(f)—X^(d)—, or—X^(f)—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein X^(f), s′ and t′ are as defined above;

X^(c) represents —O— or —CONR³⁴—,

X^(d) represents —CONR³⁴—, and

R³⁴, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom,a phenyl group or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (preferably a methyl group).

In one embodiment, R^(k1) may be,

a single bond,a C₁₋₂₀ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(s′)—X^(c)—(CH₂)_(t′)—, or—X^(d)—(CH₂)_(t′)—wherein each symbol is as defined above.

Preferably, R^(k1) is

a single bond,C₁₋₂ alkylene group,—(CH₂)_(s′)—O—(CH₂)_(t′)—,—(CH₂)_(s′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—Si(R³³)₂—(CH₂)_(t′)—,—(CH₂)_(s′)—O—(CH₂)_(u′)—(Si(R³³)₂O)_(m′)—(Si(R³³)₂—(CH₂)_(t′)—, or—(CH₂)_(s′)—O—(CH₂)_(t′)—Si(R³³)₂—(CH₂)_(u′)—Si(R³³)₂—(C_(v)H_(2v))—wherein R³³, m′, s′, t′ and u′ are as defined above, and v is an integerof 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, more preferably an integerof 2 to 3.

In the formulae, —(C_(v)H_(2v))— is optionally linear or branched, andmay be, for example, —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)— or—CH(CH₃)CH₂—.

The R^(k1) group is optionally substituted with one or more substituentsselected from a fluorine atom, a C₁₋₃ alkyl group and a C₁₋₃ fluoroalkylgroup (preferably C₁₋₃perfluoroalkyl group).

In one embodiment, the R^(k1) group may be other than a —O—C₁₋₆ alkylenegroup.

In another embodiment, examples of the R^(k1) group include thefollowing groups:

wherein R⁴¹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenylgroup, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxygroup, preferably a methyl group;

D is a group selected from

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl, and

wherein R⁴² each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxygroup, more preferably a methyl group;

E is —(CH₂)_(ne)— (ne is an integer of 2 to 6),

D is bonded to PFPE¹ as a molecular backbone, and E is bonded to anopposite group to PFPE¹.

Specific examples of R^(k1) include:

a single bond,—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(0H₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(0H₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(0H₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,CH₂OCH₂ (CH₂)₇CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(00H₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CO—, —CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,—S—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₃—,—C(O)O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—, and

—OCFHCF₂—

In particular, R^(k1) is preferably

—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CH₂—,

—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂)₄—,—(CH₂)₅—,—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂—,

—(CF₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₄—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₅—,—CF₂—(CH₂)₆—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—OCH₂—,

—O(CH₂)₃—,

—OCFHCF₂—.

In the above list, examples of further preferable R^(k1) preferablyinclude

—CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—O—(CH₂)₆—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,—CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₆—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,—CF₂—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₆—, wherein Ph means phenyl,—CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—.

In one embodiment, R^(k1) represents X^(e′). X^(e′) is a single bond, analkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, —R⁵¹—C₆H₄—R⁵²—,—R⁵¹—CONR⁴—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—CONR⁴—C₆H₄—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—CO—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—CO—C₆H₄—R⁵²—,—R⁵¹—SO₂NR⁴—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—SO₂NR⁴—C₆H₄—R⁵²—, —R⁵¹—SO₂—R⁵²—, or—R⁵¹—SO₂—C₆H₄—R⁵²—. R⁵¹ and R⁵² each independently represent a singlebond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably asingle bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. R⁴ is asdefined above. The alkylene group is substituted or unsubstituted,preferably unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent of the alkylenegroup may include a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine atom. Thealkylene group is linear or branched, preferably linear.

In a preferable embodiment, X^(e′) may be

a single bond,

—X^(f)—,

an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatomsa —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group, preferably a —X^(f)—C₁₋₃ alkylene group,more preferablya —X^(f)—C₁₋₂ alkylene group,—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,

—CO—R^(52′)—,

—CO—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—SO₂—R^(52′)—,—SO₂—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—R^(51′)—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—R^(51′)—CO—,

—R^(51′)—CO—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—SO₂NR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—SO₂NR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—SO₂—,—R^(51′)—SO₂—C₆H₄—,—C₆H₄—

—CONR^(4′)—,

—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—CO—,

—CO—C₆H₄—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—,—SO₂NR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—SO₂—, or

—SO₂—C₆H₄—wherein R^(51′) and R^(52′) are each independently a linear alkylenegroup having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, thealkylene group is substituted or unsubstituted, as described above, andexamples of the substituent of the alkylene group may include a halogenatom, preferably a fluorine atom, and

R^(4′) is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

In particular, X^(e′) may be preferably

—X^(f)—,

an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatoms, ora —X^(f)—C₁₋₆ alkylene group, preferably a —X^(f)—C₁₋₃ alkylene group,more preferablya —X^(f)—C₁₋₂ alkylene group,—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—CONR^(4′)—,

—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—, or—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—. In the formulae, X^(f), R^(4′), R^(51′) andR^(52′) are as defined above, respectively.

In particular, X^(e′) may be more preferably

—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—R^(52′)—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—R^(52′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—,—R^(51′)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,

—CONR^(4′)—,

—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—,—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—, or—X^(f)—CONR^(4′)—C₆H₄—.

Specific examples of X^(e′) in the present embodiment include

a single bond,a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, —CF₂—and —(CF₂)₂—),an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,a —CF₂—C₁₋₆ alkylene group,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂—CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂——CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)CH₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—CONH—,

—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂))₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,

—CO—,

—CO—C₆H₄—,—C₆H₄—,

—SO₂NH—,

—SO₂NH—CH₂—,—SO₂NH—(CH₂)₂—,—SO₂NH—(CH₂)₃—,—SO₂NH—C₆H₄—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—CH₂—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—SO₂N(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,

—SO₂—,

—SO₂—CH₂—,—SO₂—(CH₂)₂—,—SO₂—(CH₂)₃—, or—SO₂—C₆H₄—.

In the above list, examples of preferable X^(e′) include aperfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, —CF₂—and —(CF₂)₂—),

an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,a —CF₂—C₁₋₆ alkylene group,

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)CH₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—CONH—,

—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄ ⁻—CF₂—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—, and—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—.

In the above list, examples of more preferable X^(e′) include

—CONH—, —CONH—CH₂—,

—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,

—CF₂CONH—,

—CF₂CONHCH₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂CONH(CH₂)₃—,

—CON(CH₃)—,

—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)CH₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—CONH—,

—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄——CF₂—CONH—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—CF₂—CH₂—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—, or—CF₂—CON(CH₃)—C₆H₄—.

In one embodiment, X^(e′) is a single bond. In the present embodiment,PFPE¹ and a group having a binding ability to the base material aredirectly bonded.

In still another embodiment, R^(k1) is a group represented by formula:—(R¹⁶)_(x)—(CFR¹⁷)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—. In the formula, x, y and z are eachindependently an integer of 0 to 10, the sum of x, y and z is 1 or more,and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses is not limited in the formula.

In the formula, R¹⁶, at each occurrence, each independently representsan oxygen atom, phenylene, carbazolylene, —NR¹⁸—, wherein R¹⁸ representsa hydrogen atom or an organic group, or a divalent organic group.Preferably, R¹⁶ is an oxygen atom or a divalent polar group.

The “divalent polar group” is not limited, and examples thereof include—C(O)—, —C(═NR¹⁹)—, and —C(O) NR¹⁹—, wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogenatom or a lower alkyl group. The “lower alkyl group” is, for example, analkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethylgroup, or a n-propyl group, and such a group is optionally substitutedwith one or more fluorine atoms.

In the formula, R¹⁷, at each occurrence, is each independently ahydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a lower fluoroalkyl group, preferablya fluorine atom. The “lower fluoroalkyl group” is, for example, afluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbonatoms, preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,more preferably a trifluoromethyl group or a pentafluoroethyl group,further preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

In this embodiment, R^(k1) is preferably a group represented by formula:—(O)_(x)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—, wherein x, y and z are as defined above,and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses is not limited in the formula.

Examples of the group represented by formula:—(O)_(x)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)— include any group represented by—(O)_(x′)—(CH₂)_(z″)—O—[(CH₂)_(z′″)—O—]_(z″″), and—(O)_(x′)—(CF₂)_(y″)—(CH₂)_(z″)—O—[(CH₂)_(z′″)—O—]_(z″″), wherein x′ is0 or 1, y″, z″ and z′″ are each independently an integer of 1 to 10, andz″″ is 0 or 1. Herein, a left end of such a group is bonded to PFPE.

In another preferable embodiment, R^(k1) is —O—CFR²⁰—(CF₂)_(e′″)—.

R²⁰ each independently represents a fluorine atom or a lower fluoroalkylgroup. The lower fluoroalkyl group is, for example, a fluoroalkyl grouphaving 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a trifluoromethyl group or apentafluoroethyl group, further preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

e′″ is each independently 0 or 1.

In one specific example, R²⁰ is a fluorine atom and e′″ is 1.

In still another embodiment, examples of the R^(k1) group include thefollowing groups:

wherein

R⁴¹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, analkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,preferably a methyl group;

any number of the Ts in each R^(k1) group is the following group bondedto PFPE as a molecular backbone:

—CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,—CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,—CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,

—CH₂—,

(CH₂)₂—,(CH₂)₃—,(CH₂)₄—,—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,—CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃—, wherein Ph means phenyl, or

wherein R⁴² each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup or a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxygroup, more preferably a methyl group,another of the Ts is —(CH₂)_(n″)— (n″ is an integer of 2 to 6) bonded toan opposite group to PFPE as a molecular backbone, and the remaining ofthe Ts, if present, may be independently a methyl group, a phenyl group,a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, or a radical scavenging group or an UV absorbinggroup.

The radical scavenging group is not limited as long as it can scavenge aradial generated by light irradiation, and examples thereof include aresidue of benzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzoates, phenyl salicylates,crotonic acids, malonates, organoacrylates, hindered amines, hinderedphenols, or triazines.

The UV absorbing group is not limited as long as it can absorbultraviolet light, and examples thereof include a residue ofbenzotriazoles, hydroxybenzophenones, esters of substituted andunsubstituted benzoic acid or salicylic acid compounds, acrylates oralkoxy cinnamates, oxamides, oxanilides, benzoxazinones, andbenzoxazoles.

In a preferable embodiment, examples of a preferable radical scavenginggroup or an UV absorbing group include

In one embodiment, examples of R^(k1) may include any group representedby —R^(k2)—CH₂—, —R²²—OCH₂—, —R^(k2)—CH₂OCH₂—, or—R^(k2)—CO—NR¹—Y^(j2)—. A left portion of the formula of the divalentorganic group (namely, R^(k2) portion) is bonded to PFPE.

In the embodiment, R^(k2) is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbongroup having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and may contain an ether bond.Examples of the hydrocarbon group in R^(k2) may include an alkylenegroup or an alkylene group optionally containing ether oxygen. Thealkylene group is optionally substituted or unsubstituted, as describedabove.

In one embodiment, R^(k2) is preferably a single bond. In anotherembodiment, examples of R^(k2) may include a divalent hydrocarbon group,preferably an alkylene group where any hydrogen atom is at leastpartially substituted with a fluorine atom, such as —CFH—, —CF₂—,—(CF₂)₂— or —(CF₂)₃—, specifically —CF₂—.

In the embodiment, Y^(j2) is —CH₂—, or an o, m orp-dimethylsilylphenylene group represented by the following formula. Inthe following formula, a phenylene group and a Si atom are bonded to a Natom, and a —CH═CH₂ group in formula (I), respectively.

In the embodiment, R¹ is a hydrogen atom or a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group. The substituted orunsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group is preferably a monovalenthydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably amonovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Specificexamples of such a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbongroup include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group and anoctyl group; aryl groups such as a phenyl group and a tolyl group;aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group and a phenylethyl group, or amonovalent hydrocarbon group where some or all hydrogen atoms aresubstituted with a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom. R¹ ispreferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a phenyl group.

In the embodiment, examples of the structure of a specificPFPE-containing unsaturated compound may include the followingstructures. In the following structures, PFPE and R^(k2) are as definedabove.

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing compound is a PFPE-containingsilane compound.

In one embodiment, the PFPE-containing compound is a PFPE-containingunsaturated compound.

The curable composition used in the present invention may furtherinclude a cross-linking agent.

The cross-linking agent is not limited as long as the agent is acompound having a portion which can undergo a crosslinking reaction(condensation reaction) or an addition reaction with the PFPE-containingcompound (for example, PFPE-containing silane compound, specifically, asilane portion having a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group bonded toa Si atom of the PFPE-containing silane compound, or a carbon-carbondouble bond portion of the PFPE-containing unsaturated compound). ThePFPE-containing compound and the cross-linking agent can be included,thereby improving physical properties (for example, tensile strength andelastic modulus) of a cured product obtained from the curablecomposition of the present invention.

The cross-linking agent is preferably at least one selected from thegroup consisting of an organosilicon compound having at least two—O—R^(g3) each bonded to a Si atom and an organosilicon compound havingtwo or more hydrogen atoms each bonded to a silicon atom (Si—H) in onemolecule. R^(g3) is described below.

In one embodiment, the cross-linking agent is an organosilicon compoundhaving at least two —O—R^(g3) each bonded to a Si atom (hereinafter,also referred to as “cross-linking agent (1)”). In the formula, R^(g3),at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom or amonovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group means a carbonatom-containing group. Such a monovalent organic group is not limited,and examples thereof include a group where one hydrogen atom is furtherremoved from a hydrocarbon group. The hydrocarbon group is as definedabove.

The cross-linking agent has a structure different from the structure ofthe PFPE-containing silane compound (a) (specifically, PFPE-containingsilane compound (a)).

Examples of the cross-linking agent (1) may include

-   -   an organic compound where R^(g3) is a hydrogen atom, namely, an        organosilicon compound having at least two silanol groups in one        molecule, and    -   any organosilicon compound represented by formulae (E3) to (E5)        described below.

Organosilicon compound having at least two silanol groups in onemolecule:

Such silanol groups are preferably present at both respective ends of amolecular backbone in the organosilicon compound. The molecular backbonehere represents a relatively longest binding chain in a molecule of theorganosilicon compound.

Examples of the compound having silanol groups at both respective endsof a molecular backbone may include a compound represented by thefollowing formula (E1) or (E2).

In formula (E1) or (E2), R^(g1), at each occurrence, is eachindependently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbongroup having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of R^(g1) includealkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, anisopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, apentyl group, a neopentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octylgroup, a nonyl group and a decyl group; cycloalkyl groups such as acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a cycloheptyl group; alkenylgroups such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a propenyl group, anisopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a hexenyl groupand a cyclohexenyl group; aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a tolylgroup, a xylyl group and a naphthyl group; aralkyl groups such as abenzyl group, a phenylethyl group and a phenylpropyl group; and groupswhere some or all hydrogen atoms of such a group are substituted with ahalogen atom (for example, a chloromethyl group, a bromoethyl group, achloropropyl group, a trifluoropropyl group and a nonafluorohexylgroup).

In formula (E1) or (E2), R^(g2), at each occurrence, is eachindependently a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon grouphaving 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Specificexamples of R^(g2) include alkylene groups such as a methylene group, anethylene group, a propylene group, a methylethylene group, a butylenegroup and a hexamethylene group; cycloalkylene groups such as acyclohexylene group, arylene groups such as a phenylene group, atolylene group, a xylylene group, a naphthylene group and a biphenylenegroup; a group where some or all hydrogen atoms of such a group aresubstituted with a halogen atom; and a combination of such a substitutedor unsubstituted alkylene group and an arylene group. Among them, R^(g2)is preferably a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, abutylene group, a hexamethylene group, a cyclohexylene group or aphenylene group, and is particularly preferably an ethylene group, apropylene group, a butylene group or a phenylene group. Examples of thecompound having silanol groups in a molecule include a resin compoundincluding a bond of one unit of R^(g1) ₃SiO_(1/2), R^(g1) ₂SiO,R^(g1)SiO_(3/2), and SiO₂, or a combination of two or more kindsthereof, with a silanol group. Constituent units of the resin compoundmay be directly bonded or may be bonded via a di- or higher valenthydrocarbon group.

In formula (E1) or (E2), E1, at each occurrence, is each independentlyan integer of 1 or more, and E1 is preferably 2 or more, more preferably5 or more, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 20 or less.

The organosilicon compound having at least two silanol groups in onemolecule (specifically, compound represented by formula (E1) or (E2))preferably has no PFPE structure in a molecular structure.

Any organosilicon compound represented by formula (E3), (E4) or (E5):

In formulae (E3) and (E4), R^(g3) is as defined above. R^(g3) is aportion which can react with a portion having a hydroxyl group or ahydrolyzable group bonded to a Si atom of the PFPE-containing silanecompound represented by formula (A), (B), (C) or (D).

R^(g3) is preferably a monovalent organic group.

R^(g3)—, at each occurrence, is more preferably each independently CH₃—,C₂H₅—, C₃H₇—, CF₃CH₂—, CH₃CO—, CH₂═C(CH₃)—, CH₃CH₂C(CH₃)═N—, (CH₃)₂N—,(C₂H₅)₂N—, CH₂═C(OC₂H₅)—, (CH₃)₂C═C(OC₈H₁₇)—, or

In formulae (E3) and (E4), R^(g4), at each occurrence, is eachindependently a monovalent organic group. R^(g4) is preferably asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, morepreferably a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon grouphaving 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples of R^(g4) may includealkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, anisopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, apentyl group, a neopentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octylgroup, a nonyl group and a decyl group; cycloalkyl groups such as acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a cycloheptyl group; arylgroups such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group and anaphthyl group; aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group, a phenylethylgroup and a phenylpropyl group; alkenyl groups such as a vinyl group, anallyl group, a propenyl group and a butenyl group; and groups where someor all hydrogen atoms of such a group are substituted with a halogenatom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine (for example, a chloromethylgroup, a bromoethyl group, a chloropropyl group, a trifluoropropyl groupand a 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexyl group).

In one embodiment, R^(g4) may be a group represented by the followinggeneral formula.

Rf¹—R^(g5)—

In the formulae, R^(f1) is a monovalent fluorinated polyether group.Examples of R^(f1) include one having a structure where CF₃O—, CF₃CF₂O—,CF₃CF₂CF₂O—, (CF₃)₂CFO—, CF₃CF₂CF₂CF₂O— or the like is bonded to a CF₂end of PFPE above.

R^(g5) is a divalent organic group. The divalent organic group is asdefined above.

R^(g5) may be a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon groupoptionally containing one or more of, for example, an oxygen atom, anitrogen atom, a silicon atom and a sulfur atom, and an amide bond or asulfonamide bond. The divalent hydrocarbon group preferably has 2 to 20carbon atoms. Specific examples of a substituted or unsubstituteddivalent hydrocarbon group not having any oxygen atom, nitrogen atom,silicon atom or sulfur atom interposed and not containing any amide bondor sulfonamide bond include alkylene groups such as an ethylene group, apropylene group, a methylethylene group, a butylene group and ahexamethylene group; cycloalkylene groups such as a cyclohexylene group;arylene groups such as a phenylene group, a tolylene group, a xylylenegroup, a naphthylene group and a biphenylene group; a combination of anyalkylene group and any arylene group; and a group where some or allhydrogen atoms of such alkylene group and arylene group are substitutedwith a halogen atom.

The divalent hydrocarbon group can contain an oxygen atom in the form of—O—, a nitrogen atom in the form of —NR^(g51)— (R^(g51) is a hydrogenatom or an alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) or—N═, a silicon atom in the form of —SiR^(g52)R^(g53)— (R^(g52) andR^(g53), at each occurrence, are each independently an alkyl group oraryl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and/or a sulfur atom in theform of —S—. The divalent hydrocarbon group can contain an amide bond inthe form of —C(═O)NR^(g51)— (R^(g51) is the same as described above)and/or a sulfonamide bond in the form of —SO₂NR^(g51)— (R^(g51) is thesame as described above). Specific examples of such a divalenthydrocarbon group include the following. In the following formulae, Merepresents a methyl group and Ph represents a phenyl group, and an Rf¹group is bonded to a left portion (J in each formula) of each of thefollowing formulae.

wherein J represents a bonding site.

In formulae (E3) and (E4), ε2, at each occurrence, is each independently2 or 3, and each ε3, at each occurrence, is independently 2 or 3.

In formula (E5), R^(g3) and R^(g4) are as defined above. In formula(E5), R^(g6)—, at each occurrence, each independently representsR^(g8)—R^(g7)—.

R^(g7), at each occurrence, each independently represents a single bondan oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. The divalent organic groupis as described above.

R^(g7) is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or agroup having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and containing a nitrogen atom or anoxygen atom in a main chain.

R^(g7) is more preferably

an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,CH₂CH₂—NH—CH₂CH₂CH₂, orCH₂—O—CH₂CH₂CH₂.

R^(g8) is a reactive functional group. R^(g8), at each occurrence, iseach independently preferably an amino group, an epoxy group, amethacrylic group, a vinyl group or a mercapto group, more preferably anamino group.

In formula (E5), ε4 is an integer of 2 or more, preferably 2 or 3, morepreferably 3. In formula (E5), ε5 is an integer of 0 or more, preferably0 or 1. In formula (E5), ε6 is 1 or 2, preferably 1, provided that thesum of ε4, ε5 and ε6 is 4.

In formula (E5), preferably ε4 is 2 or 3, ε5 is 0 or 1 and ε6 is 1 or 2,more preferably ε4 is 3, ε5 is 0 and ε6 is 1.

Preferably, the cross-linking agent (1) is any compound represented byformula (E3) or formula (E5), more preferably any compound representedby formula (E3).

In one embodiment, the cross-linking agent does not have any grouprepresented by PFPE in a molecular chain.

In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent is1,000 or less, preferably 600 or less, more preferably 250 or less. Thelower limit of the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent may be 50or more or 100 or more.

In a preferable embodiment, the cross-linking agent (1) is at least oneselected from the group consisting of tetraethoxysilane,tetratrimethoyxsilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane,dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyltrimethoxysilane,aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,tridecafluoro-n-octyltriethoxysilane andtridecafluoro-n-octyltrimethoxysilane.

The cross-linking agent (1) is preferably used in combination with thePFPE-containing silane compound. In such a case, a crosslinking reaction(condensation reaction) of —O—R^(g3) bonded to any Si atom of thecross-linking agent (1) and the hydroxyl group or hydrolyzable groupbonded to any Si atom of the PFPE-containing silane compound can bemade.

The curable composition of the present embodiment may include, forexample, 0.1 parts by mass or more, specifically 0.3 parts by mass ormore, and 30 parts by mass or less, specifically 10 parts by mass orless of the cross-linking agent (1) based on 100 parts by mass of thePFPE-containing silane compound. The curable composition of the presentembodiment may include, for example, 0.1 to 30 parts by mass,specifically 0.3 to 10 parts by mass, more specifically 0.3 to 5.0 partsby mass of the cross-linking agent (1) based on 100 parts by mass of thePFPE-containing silane compound.

The cross-linking agent (1) may contain, for example, 1 mol or more,specifically 2 mol or more of —O—R^(g3) based on 1 mol of the hydroxylgroup or hydrolyzable group bonded to any Si atom of the PFPE-containingsilane compound, in the curable composition of the present embodiment.The cross-linking agent may contain, for example, 30 mol or less,specifically 20 mol or less, more specifically 10 mol or less of—O—R^(g3) based on 1 mol of the hydroxyl group or hydrolyzable groupbonded to any Si atom of the PFPE-containing silane compound. R^(g3) isas defined above. The cross-linking agent (1) may contain, for example,—O—R^(g3), for example, in the range from 1 to 30 mol, specifically inthe range from 2 to 20 mol based on 1 mol of the hydroxyl group orhydrolyzable group bonded to any Si atom of the PFPE-containing silanecompound.

The cross-linking agent (1) may be included, for example, in the rangefrom 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, specifically in the range from 0.3 to 10parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the curable composition ofthe present embodiment.

In one embodiment, the cross-linking agent is an organosilicon compoundhaving two or more hydrogen atoms each bonded to a silicon atom (Si—H)in one molecule (hereinafter, also referred to as “cross-linking agent(2)”).

In the present embodiment, such Si—H is preferably present at an end ofa molecular chain of the cross-linking agent.

In the present embodiment, the cross-linking agent (2) preferably hasone or more fluorine-containing groups such as monovalent perfluoroalkylgroups, monovalent perfluorooxyalkyl groups, divalent perfluoroalkylenegroups or divalent perfluorooxyalkylene groups in a molecular structure.Such a structure may be contained to thereby improve miscibility anddispersibility of the cross-linking agent and the PFPE-containingcompound included in the curable composition of the present embodiment,and also improve uniformity of a cured product of the curablecomposition of the present embodiment.

The number of carbon atoms in the monovalent perfluoroalkyl group ispreferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10. The perfluoroalkyl groupmay be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

The monovalent perfluorooxyalkyl group is preferably a group representedby Rf″-PFPE²-. PFPE² is represented by formula:

(OC₆F₁₂)_(a″)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b″)—(OC₄F₈)_(c″)—(OC₃F₆)_(d″)—(OC₂F₄)_(e″)—(OCF₂)_(f″)—.

PFPE² may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

In the formula, a″, b″, c″ and d″ are each independently an integer of 0or more and 30 or less, e″ and f″ are each independently an integer of 1or more and 200 or less. Preferably, a″, b″, c″, d″, e″ and f″ are eachindependently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less. Preferably, thesum of a″, b″, c″, d″, e″ and f″ is 5 or more, more preferably 10 ormore, for example, 10 or more and 100 or less. The occurrence order ofthe respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a″, b″,c″, d″, e″ or f″ is not limited in the formula. The ratio of e″ to f″ isless than 1.0.

Here, a″, b″, c″, d″, e″ and f″ are as defined for a, b, c, d, e and fof PFPE, respectively. Examples of specific structures of the respectiverepeating units contained in PFPE² may include those exemplified as therespective repeating units of PFPE.

Preferably, PFPE² is—(OC₄F₈)_(c″)—(OC₃F₆)_(d″)—(OC₂F₄)_(e″)—(OCF₂)_(f″)—, wherein c″ and d″are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, e″ and f″are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,preferably 5 or more and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200or less, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses with the subscript c″, d″, e″ or f″ is not limited in theformula. Preferably, PFPE² is —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)_(c″)—,—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_(d″)—(OCF₂CF₂)_(e″)—(OCF₂)_(f″)—. In one embodiment, PFPE²may be —(OC₂F₄)_(e″)—(OCF₂)_(f″)—, wherein e″ and f″ are eachindependently an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 ormore and 200 or less, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less, andthe occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheseswith the subscript e″ or f″ is not limited in the formula.

In the formulae, R^(f)″, at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1to 16 carbon atoms, the group being optionally substituted with one ormore fluorine atoms or chlorine atoms.

The “alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms” with respect to the alkylgroup having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, the group being optionallysubstituted with one or more fluorine atoms, is optionally linear orbranched, is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a linearalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

R^(f)″ is preferably a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 16carbon atoms, the group being optionally substituted with one or morefluorine atoms, more preferably a CF₂H—C₁₋₁₅ fluoroalkylene group or aC₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group, further preferably a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkylgroup.

The perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear orbranched, and is preferably a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, morepreferably a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,specifically —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, or —CF₂CF₂CF₃.

Preferably, the monovalent perfluorooxyalkyl group isRf″—(OC₂F₄)_(e″)—(OCF₂)_(f″)—, wherein e″ and f″ are each independentlyan integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, preferably 5 or more and 200 orless, more preferably 10 or more and 200 or less, and the occurrenceorder of the respective repeating units in parentheses with thesubscript e″ or f″ is not limited in the formula.

The ratio of e″ to f″ in the monovalent perfluorooxyalkyl group ispreferably 0.10 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more, furtherpreferably 0.40 or more, and preferably less than 1.00, more preferably0.85 or less, further preferably 0.80 or less.

The ratio of e″ to f″ in the monovalent perfluorooxyalkyl group ispreferably 0.1 or more and less than 1.0, more preferably 0.20 or moreand 0.90 or less, further preferably 0.40 or more and 0.85 or less,particularly preferably 0.40 or more and 0.80 or less.

The number of carbon atoms in the divalent perfluoroalkylene group ispreferably 1 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10. The perfluoroalkylene groupmay be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

The divalent perfluorooxyalkylene group is preferably represented by—PFPE²-, and is more preferably a group represented by—(OC₄F₈)_(c″)—(OC₃F₆)_(d″)—(OC₂F₄)_(e″)—(OCF₂)_(f″)—. Here, c″, d″, e″,and f″ are as defined above. The perfluorooxyalkyl group may be linearor branched, and is preferably linear. PFPE² is as defined above.

The fluorine-containing group is preferably the monovalentperfluoroalkyl group or the divalent perfluoroalkylene group.

The fluorine-containing group may be linked to any silicon atom by adivalent organic group. The divalent organic group is as defined above.

For example, the divalent organic group may be any of an alkylene group,an arylene group, and a combination thereof, or may be such a group withan ether bond oxygen atom, an amide bond, a carbonyl bond, or the likeinterposed. Examples of such a divalent organic group include groupshaving 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as

—CH₂CH₂—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—NH—CO—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—N(Ph)—CO— (provided that Ph is a phenyl group),—CH₂CH₂CH₂—N(CH₂)—CO—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—O—CO—. A left portion and a right portion of the divalentorganic group are bonded to a Si atom and a fluorine-containing group,respectively.

In the present embodiment, examples of any group of the cross-linkingagent (2), which is a monovalent substituent bonded to any silicon atomand which is other than the fluorine-containing group, include alkylgroups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butylgroup, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an octyl group and a decylgroup; alkenyl groups such as a vinyl group and an allyl group; arylgroups such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group and a naphthyl group;aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group and a phenylethyl group, and anysubstituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, where at least some hydrogen atoms of such a group is substitutedwith a chlorine atom, a cyano group or the like, such as a chloromethylgroup, a chloropropyl group and a cyanoethyl group.

Preferably, the organosilicon compound (B) does not have any alkoxygroup and epoxy group as a substituent bonded to any silicon atom.

In the present embodiment, the cross-linking agent (2) may be a cyclic,linear or three-dimensional network agent, or a combination thereof.

In the present embodiment, the number of silicon atoms contained in thecross-linking agent (2) is not limited, and may be usually 2 to 60,preferably about 3 to 30.

In the present embodiment, examples of the cross-linking agent (2) mayinclude the following compounds.

Such a compound may be used singly or in combinations of two or morekinds thereof.

In the following formulae:

PFPE², at each occurrence, each independently is as defined above (inthe following formulae, a group represented by PFPE² is bonded to agroup represented by Rf on an oxygen atom at an end);

Rf″, at each occurrence, each independently is as defined above;

R^(k3), at each occurrence, is each independently an alkyl group having1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group represented by OR^(k7),preferably a methyl group or an alkoxy group represented by OR^(k7),more preferably a methyl group;

R^(k4), at each occurrence, is each independently a hydrogen atom, analkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group representedby OR^(k7), preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group represented byOR^(k7), more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R^(k5), at each occurrence, is each independently a hydrogen atom, analkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group representedby OR^(k7), preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group represented byOR^(k7), more preferably a hydrogen atom;

R^(k6), at each occurrence, is each independently a hydrogen atom, afluorine atom, or an alkylene group where one or more hydrogen atoms areeach substituted with a fluorine atom, preferably a hydrogen atom;

R^(k7), at each occurrence, is each independently an alkyl group having1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbonatoms;

the number of carbon atoms contained in the alkylene group where one ormore hydrogen atoms are each substituted with a fluorine atom ispreferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 6;

R^(k8) is represented by —(O—(CH₂)_(α5))_(α6)— (where an oxygen atom isbonded to a group represented by —(CR^(k6) ₂)_(α1));

α1, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 10,preferably 2 or 3;

2, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 50,preferably 10;

α3, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 50,preferably an integer of 3 to 5;

α4, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 50,preferably an integer of 3 to 5;

α5 is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1; and

α6 is 0 or 1.

In the present embodiment, the content of the cross-linking agent (2)may be an amount effective for curing the PFPE-containing compound.

The cross-linking agent (2) is preferably used together with thePFPE-containing unsaturated compound. In such a case, an additionreaction may occur by Si—H of the cross-linking agent (2) and acarbon-carbon double bond of the PFPE-containing unsaturated compound.

The content of the cross-linking agent (2) is preferably in the rangefrom 0.5 to 5.0 mol, more preferably in the range from 0.8 to 3.0 mol interms of a hydrogen atom bonded to a silicon atom contained in thecross-linking agent (hydrosilyl group, namely, SiH group) based on 1 molof an alkenyl group contained in the PFPE-containing unsaturatedcompound. The curable composition of the present embodiment may includesuch a content of the cross-linking agent to thereby contribute toformation of a cured product having an appropriate degree of crosslink,and reduce foaming in curing.

In one embodiment, the cross-linking agent is an organosilicon compoundhaving at least two —O—R^(g3) each bonded to a Si atom (cross-linkingagent (1)). R^(g3) is as defined above.

In one embodiment, the cross-linking agent is an organosilicon compoundhaving two or more hydrogen atoms each bonded to a silicon atom (Si—H)in one molecule (cross-linking agent (2)).

The cross-linking agent may be used singly or in combinations of two ormore kinds thereof.

The curable composition used in the present invention may furtherinclude a catalyst.

The catalyst promotes a condensation reaction of the PFPE-containingcompound and the cross-linking agent.

The catalyst may be a metal-based catalyst, an organic acid-basedcatalyst, an inorganic acid-based catalyst, a base-based catalyst (forexample, ammonia, triethylamine or diethylamine), or the like.

Examples of the organic acid-based catalyst may include a compoundhaving carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or phosphoric acid, and mayspecifically include acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonicacid, toluenezenesulfonic acid and alkylphosphoric acid.

Examples of the inorganic acid-based catalyst may include hydrochloricacid and sulfuric acid.

The metal-based catalyst preferably contains a transition metal atom.

The catalyst is preferably a metal-based catalyst.

In one embodiment, examples of any metal atom contained in themetal-based catalyst may include titanium, zirconium and tin. Inparticular, titanium or zirconium is preferably used.

In the present embodiment, the metal-based catalyst preferably hasalkoxide (—O—R^(h)) as a ligand. Such a metal-based catalyst ispreferably at least one selected from the group consisting oftetra-n-butyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, n-butyl zirconate,n-propyl zirconate, dibutyltin dimethoxide and dibutyltin dilaurate,more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting oftetraisopropyl titanate and n-propyl zirconate. Such a metal-basedcatalyst is used to thereby promote a condensation reaction of thePFPE-containing compound (for example, PFPE-containing silane compound)and the cross-linking agent. Such a metal-based catalyst can be easilydissolved or dispersed in the curable composition and can contribute topromotion of a uniform reaction. The curable composition of the presentembodiment, which includes such a metal-based catalyst, can include lessforeign substances and can contribute to formation of a cured product ofthe curable composition, having high transparency.

In the present embodiment, R^(h) is preferably an alkyl group having 1to 4 carbon atoms. A catalyst having such an alkyl group is used toparticularly promote a condensation reaction.

In the present embodiment, R^(h) is further preferably an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atomsis, namely, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group or ani-propyl group. The catalyst, which has such R^(h), can be easilydissolved in a solvent and can contribute to promotion of a uniformreaction.

The catalyst of the present embodiment is preferably used together withthe PFPE-containing silane compound.

The catalyst of the present embodiment is preferably used together withthe PFPE-containing silane compound and the cross-linking agent (1).

In the present embodiment, the curable composition preferably includes0.05 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.07 parts by mass or moreof the catalyst based on 100 parts by mass of the PFPE-containing silanecompound. The curable composition of the present embodiment preferablyincludes 1.0 part by mass or less, more preferably 0.7 parts by mass orless of the catalyst based on 100 parts by mass of the PFPE-containingsilane compound. The curable composition includes the concentration ofthe catalyst, thereby allowing a condensation reaction of thePFPE-containing compound and the cross-linking agent to be particularlypromoted.

In the present embodiment, the curable composition preferably includes0.05 to 1.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.07 to 0.7 parts by mass ofthe catalyst based on 100 parts by mass of the PFPE-containing silanecompound.

In one embodiment, the catalyst may contain at least one metal atomselected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, ruthenium,iridium and palladium.

In the present embodiment, platinum or a platinum compound is preferablyused as the catalyst. Such a catalyst has the advantages of a reductionin catalyst cost and catalyst availability.

Examples of the platinum compound may include hydrogen chloroplatinateor a complex of hydrogen chloroplatinate and olefin such as ethylene, acomplex thereof with alcohol or vinylsiloxane, and metallic platinumcarried on silica, alumina, carbon or the like.

Examples of the catalyst containing rhodium, ruthenium, iridium orpalladium may include RhCl(PPh₃)₃, RhCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂, Ru₃ (CO)₁₂,IrCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂ and Pd(PPh₃)₄. In the formulae, Ph is a phenyl group.

In the present embodiment, the catalyst may be used in the form of asolid when the catalyst is a solid, and hydrogen chloroplatinate or acomplex, dissolved in a proper solvent, is preferably used with beingmiscible with the PFPE-containing unsaturated compound in order toprovide a more uniform cured product.

In the present embodiment, the catalyst is preferably used together withthe PFPE-containing unsaturated compound.

In the present embodiment, the catalyst is preferably used together withthe PFPE-containing unsaturated compound and the cross-linking agent(2).

In the present embodiment, the catalyst may be included in the curablecomposition in an effective amount so as to be able to contribute to areaction, for example, in an effective amount so as to be able tocontribute to a reaction with serving as a hydrosilylation catalyst. Thecontent of the catalyst can be appropriately increased or decreaseddepending on a desired curing rate. The content of the catalyst isusually preferably 0.1 to 500 ppm (in terms of metal atom) based on 100parts by mass of the PFPE-containing compound (A).

In the present embodiment, the catalyst can serve as a hydrosilylationcatalyst. Such a hydrosilylation catalyst can promote an additionreaction of an alkenyl group in the PFPE-containing unsaturated compoundand a hydrogen atom bonded to a silicon atom in the cross-linking agent(hydrosilyl group).

The catalyst may be used singly or in combinations of two or more kindsthereof.

For example, the curable composition used in the present invention mayfurther include a solvent. The composition, which includes a solvent, isthus improved in handleability. In the case where such a curablecomposition is used to form a layer, the layer formed may be acontinuous thin film. Such a curable composition can contribute toformation of a thin film having any thickness.

The composition preferably includes 300 parts by mass or less, morepreferably 200 parts by mass or less, further preferably 100 parts bymass or less of the solvent based on 100 parts by mass of the total ofthe fluorine-containing silane compound, the organosilicon compound andthe catalyst. The composition includes 1 part by mass or more, morepreferably 20 parts by mass or more, further preferably 50 parts by massor more of the solvent based on 100 parts by mass of the total of thefluorine-containing silane compound, the organosilicon compound and thecatalyst.

The solvent is preferably included in the range from 1 to 300 parts bymass, more preferably in the range from 20 to 200 parts by mass, furtherpreferably in the range from 50 to 100 parts by mass based on 100 partsby mass of the total of the PFPE-containing compound, the cross-linkingagent and the catalyst.

Examples of the solvent include:

a fluorine atom-containing solvent selected from the group consisting ofperfluorohexane, CF₃CF₂CHCl₂, CF₃CH₂CF₂CH₃, CF₃CHFCHFC₂F₅,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorooctane,1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane ((Zeorora H (trade name) or thelike), C₄F₉OCH₃, C₄F₉OC₂H₅, CF₃CH₂OCF₂CHF₂, C₆F₁₃CH═CH₂, xylenehexafluoride, perfluorobenzene, methylpentadecafluoroheptylketone,trifluoroethanol, pentafluoropropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol,HCF₂CF₂CH₂OH, methyltrifluoromethanesulfonate, trifluoroacetic acid,CF₃O(CF₂CF₂O)_(m1)(CF₂O)_(n1)CF₂CF₃, wherein m1 and n1 are eachindependently an integer of 0 or more and 1000 or less and theoccurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses withm1 or n1 is not limited in the formula, provided that the sum of m1 andn1 is 1 or more, 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-1-propene,1,2-dichloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene,1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene,1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene,1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene,1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, ethyl perfluorobutyl ether and methylperfluorobutyl ether. Such a solvent may be used singly or as a mixtureof two or more kinds thereof.

In particular, a preferable solvent is a fluorine atom-containingsolvent. The fluorine atom-containing solvent is preferably at least oneselected from the group consisting of ethyl perfluorobutyl ether andmethyl perfluorobutyl ether. Such a solvent is used to thereby enhancestorage stability of the curable composition of the present invention.

In one embodiment, the curable composition may include thePFPE-containing compound, the cross-linking agent, the catalyst and thesolvent to thereby allow for formation of a continuous film (herein,sometimes referred to such a film as “uniformity”), as described above.The continuous film refers to a film not having any region not coated,like a pinhole. In the case where the curable composition of the presentinvention is used, a thin film having any thickness (for example, 0.1 to100 μm, specifically 1 to 50 μm) can be formed.

The curable composition enables a gel-like cured product to be formed.The curable composition can be thus suited for use as, for example, asealing material.

The content of moisture contained in the solvent is preferably 100 ppmby mass or less, more preferably 50 ppm by mass or less. The lower limitof the content of moisture contained in the solvent is not limited, andis, for example, 1 ppm by mass or more. The content of moisture can bemeasured with a Karl Fischer method. The content of moisture may be inthe range to thereby allow storage stability of the curable compositionto be enhanced.

The content of moisture contained in the curable composition of thepresent invention is preferably 20 ppm by mass or less relative to thecomposition. The lower limit of the content of moisture contained in thecurable composition is not limited, and no moisture may be substantiallycontained (for example, 0 ppm by mass). The content of moisture can bemeasured with a Karl Fischer method. The content of moisture may be inthe range to thereby allow storage stability of the curable compositionto be enhanced. The content of moisture may be in the range to therebyallow stability (for example, storage stability) of the curablecomposition of the present invention to be enhanced.

The viscosity of the curable composition of the present invention ispreferably in the range from 5 to 1000 mPa·s. The viscosity of thecurable composition is more preferably 500 mPa·s or less, furtherpreferably 300 mPa·s or less, more preferably 100 mPa·s or less, furtherpreferably 60 mPa·s or less, particularly preferably 50 mPa·s or less.The viscosity of the curable composition is more preferably 3 mPa·s ormore, further preferably 5 mPa·s or more.

Preferably, the viscosity of the composition for formation of a curedproduct is in the range from 3 to 500 mPa·s, more preferably in therange from 5 to 300 mPa·s.

The curable composition of the present invention, which has such aviscosity, can be thus more enhanced in handleability.

The viscosity corresponds to a viscosity at 25° C., as determined by aB-type viscometer, and can be measured according to JIS K7117-1:1999.

In a preferable embodiment, the PFPE-containing compound is aPFPE-containing unsaturated compound, the cross-linking agent is anorganosilicon compound having two or more hydrogen atoms each bonded toa silicon atom (Si—H) in one molecule, and the catalyst is a metal-basedcatalyst containing at least one selected from the group consisting ofplatinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and palladium, preferably platinumor a platinum compound.

In the embodiment, the curable composition may preferably furtherinclude an organosilicon compound having one or more hydrolyzable groupseach bonded to a silicon atom in one molecule (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “organosilicon compound (3)”). The organosilicon compound(3) can serve as an adhesion-imparting agent which can impartself-adhesiveness to the curable composition. The hydrolyzable group isas defined above.

The organosilicon compound (3) may be used singly or in combinations oftwo or more kinds thereof.

The organosilicon compound (3) may have one or more monovalentperfluoroalkyl groups or monovalent perfluorooxyalkyl groups. Such astructure may be contained to thereby particularly improve miscibilityand dispersibility of the organosilicon compound (3) and thePFPE-containing unsaturated compound contained in the curablecomposition, and improve uniformity of a cured product of the curablecomposition.

The organosilicon compound (3) may have one or more hydrogen atoms eachbonded to a silicon atom in one molecule from the viewpoint of additionreactivity with the PFPE-containing unsaturated compound.

The organosilicon compound (3) is preferably organosiloxane ortrialkoxysilane having one or more alkoxysilyl groups each bonded to asilicon atom via a carbon atom or a carbon atom and an oxygen atom.

The siloxane backbone of the organosiloxane in the organosiliconcompound (3) may be a cyclic, linear or branched backbone, or acombination thereof. The organosiloxane may be the organosiloxanerepresented by the following general formula.

In the general formulae, j1, at each occurrence, is preferably eachindependently an integer of 0 to 50, more preferably an integer of 0 to20. In the general formulae, j2, at each occurrence, is preferably eachindependently an integer of 0 to 50, more preferably an integer of 0 to20. In the general formulae, j3, at each occurrence, is preferably eachindependently an integer of 1 to 50, more preferably an integer of 1 to20. In the general formulae, j4, at each occurrence, is preferably eachindependently an integer of 0 to 50, more preferably an integer of 0 to20. In the general formulae, j5, at each occurrence, is preferably eachindependently an integer of 0 to 50, more preferably an integer of 0 to20. The sum of j1, j2, j3, j4 and j5 is an integer which allows theweight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene according to gelpermeation chromatography (GPC) to satisfy 500 to 20,000.

In the general formulae, R^(j1), at each occurrence, is eachindependently a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted monovalenthydrocarbon group. The number of carbon atoms contained in thehalogen-substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group ofR^(j1) is preferably in the range from 1 to 10, more preferably in therange from 1 to 8. Specific examples of such a monovalent hydrocarbongroup may include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group and anoctyl group; aryl groups such as a phenyl group and a tolyl group;aralkyl groups such as a benzyl group and a phenylethyl group, or asubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group where some or all hydrogenatoms of such a group are substituted with a halogen atom such as afluorine atom. In particular, the monovalent hydrocarbon group is morepreferably a methyl group.

In the general formulae, R^(j2) represents an alkoxysilyl group bondedto a silicon atom via a carbon atom or a carbon atom and an oxygen atom,and specific examples thereof include

—R^(j5)—Si(OR^(j6))₃, or a group represented by the following formula.

In the formulae, R^(j5) is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10carbon atoms, in particular, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, analkylene group such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylenegroup, a butylene group, a hexylene group, a cyclohexylene group or anoctylene group, and R^(j6) is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to8 carbon atoms, in particular, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, forexample, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group or an-propyl group. R^(j7) is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8carbon atoms, in particular, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, an alkylgroup such as a methyl group, an ethyl group or a n-propyl group, R^(j8)is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and k is an integer of 2 to 10.

In the general formulae, R^(j3) is a group represented by the followinggeneral formula:

—Z^(j1)—Rf^(j1).

Herein, a right portion of Z^(j1) is bonded to Rf^(j1).

In the formula, Z^(j1) is a group represented by —(CH₂)_(j6)—,—(CH₂)_(j7)—X^(j1)—, wherein X^(j1) is —OCH₂—, or —Y^(j1)—NR^(j9)—CO—,wherein Y^(j1) is —CH₂— or an o, m or p-dimethylsilylphenylene grouprepresented by the following structural formula:

wherein a phenylene group is bonded to a N atom, and R^(j9) is ahydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbongroup preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular, 1 to 10carbon atoms, and j6 and j7, at each occurrence, are each independentlyan integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5. In the formulae,Rf^(j1) represents a monovalent perfluoroalkyl group or a monovalentperfluorooxyalkyl group.

The monovalent perfluoroalkyl group or the monovalent perfluorooxyalkylgroup is as defined above.

R^(j4) is an epoxy group bonded to a silicon atom via a carbon atom or acarbon atom and an oxygen atom, and specific examples thereof mayinclude the following groups:

wherein R^(j10) is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbonatoms, in particular, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally with an oxygenatom interposed, specifically, an alkylene group such as a methylenegroup, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, ahexylene group, a cyclohexylene group or an octylene group.

Specific examples of the organosiloxane used as the organosiliconcompound (3) include any organosiloxane represented by the followingstructural formula. In the following, a group represented by PFPE² isbonded to a group represented by Rf, on an oxygen atom at an end.

In the formulae, Me represents a methyl group, and p, q and r, at eachoccurrence, are each independently an integer of 0 or more. PFPE² and Rfare as defined above.

The trialkoxysilane used as the organosilicon compound (3) is notlimited, and is preferably any silane having a reactive organic groupother than an alkoxy group in the same molecule, such asvinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane,3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,3-(methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane,2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane,N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilaneor 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, or fluorine-containingtrialkoxysilane such as perfluoropropyltrimethoxysilane.

The amount of the organosilicon compound (3) compounded is preferably inthe range from 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably in the rangefrom 0.05 to 5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of thePFPE-containing unsaturated compound. The organosilicon compound (3) maybe included in the range to thereby allow the curable composition tohave sufficient adhesiveness and have appropriate fluidity andcurability. Such a curable composition may be favorable in physicalhardness.

In the case where the curable composition includes the PFPE-containingunsaturated compound, the cross-linking agent (2) and the organosiliconcompound (3), the curable composition may further include a hydrolysiscatalyst (hereinafter, also referred to as “hydrolysis catalyst (E)”).The hydrolysis catalyst has a catalyst function for enhancinghydrolyzability of the organosilicon compound (3).

The hydrolysis catalyst is not limited as long as the catalyst does notimpair addition curability of the composition, and examples thereofinclude organotitanium compounds such as titanium tetraisopropoxide,titanium tetra-n-butoxide and titanium tetraacetylacetonate;organozirconium compounds such as zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconiumtetra-n-butoxide and zirconium tetraacetylacetonate; organotin compoundssuch as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate and dibutyltinacetylacetonate; organoaluminum compounds such as aluminumtrisacetylacetonate, aluminum trisethylacetoacetate and diisopropoxyaluminum ethylacetoacetate; and other acidic catalysts and basiccatalysts. In particular, at least one selected from the groupconsisting of such organotitanium compounds, organozirconium compounds,organotin compounds and organoaluminum compounds is preferably used fromthe viewpoint of storage stability of the curable composition of thepresent embodiment. The hydrolysis catalyst may be used singly or incombinations of two or more kinds thereof.

The amount of the hydrolysis catalyst compounded is preferably in therange from 0.001 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably in the range from0.01 to 1 part by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the PFPE-containingunsaturated compound. The hydrolysis catalyst may be included in therange in the curable composition of the present embodiment, therebyexerting a sufficient catalyst effect. The hydrolysis catalyst may beincluded in the range, thereby allowing the curable composition of thepresent embodiment to have appropriate fluidity. The hydrolysis catalystcan also be prevented from being cured into a gel.

The curable composition used in the present invention may furtherinclude any compound represented by the following formula (A1), (B1),(C1) or (D1).

Any portion of the descriptions of formulae (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1),overlapped with those of (A), (B), (C) and (D), will be omitted.

In the formulae, Rf, at each occurrence, independently represents analkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with oneor more fluorine atoms.

The “alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms” with respect to the alkylgroup having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, the group being optionallysubstituted with one or more fluorine atoms, is optionally linear orbranched, is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a linearalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

R^(f) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, thegroup being optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, morepreferably a CF₂H—C₁₋₁₅ fluoroalkylene group or a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkylgroup, further preferably a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group.

The perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear orbranched, and is preferably a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, morepreferably a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,specifically —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, or —CF₂CF₂CF₃.

In formula (A1), α1 is an integer of 1 to 9 and α1′ is an integer of 1to 9. Here, α1′ may be varied depending on the valence of X¹. In formula(A1), the sum of α1 and α1′ is the same as the valence of X¹. Forexample, in the case where X¹ is a decavalent organic group, the sum ofα1 and α1′ may be 10, for example, α1 may be 9 and α1′ may be 1, α1 maybe 5 and α1′ may be 5, or α1 may be 1 and α1′ may be 9. In the casewhere X¹ is a divalent organic group, α1 and α1′ are 1.

X¹ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X¹ is a 2-4 valent organic group, α1 is 1 to 3, andα1′ is 1.

In another embodiment, X¹ is a divalent organic group, α1 is 1, and α1′is 1.

In formula (A1), n1′ with respect to a (—SiR¹³ _(n1′)R¹⁴ _(3-n1′)) unitis independently an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 1 to 3, morepreferably 3. In the formula, at least one n1′ is an integer of 1 to 3,namely, there is not any case where all n1′ are simultaneously 0. Inother words, at least one R¹³ is present in formula (A1).

In formula (B1), β1 is an integer of 1 to 9 and β1′ is an integer of 1to 9. Such β1 and β1′ may be varied depending on the valence of X³. Informula (B1), the sum of β1 and β1′ is the same as the valence of, X³.For example, in the case where X³ is a decavalent organic group, the sumof β1 and β1′ may be 10, for example, β1 may be 9 and β1′ may be 1, β1may be 5 and β1′ may be 5, or β1 may be 1 and β1′ may be 9. In the casewhere X³ is a divalent organic group, β1 and β1′ are 1. In the casewhere X³ is a single bond, β1 and β′1 are 1.

X³ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X³ is a 2-4 valent organic group, β1 is 1 to 3, andβ1′ is 1.

In another embodiment, X³ is a divalent organic group, β1 is 1, and β1′is 1.

In formula (B1), n1′ is as defined for described with respect to (A1).

In formula (C₁), γ1 is an integer of 1 to 9 and γ1′ is an integer of 1to 9. Such γ1 and γ1′ may be varied depending on the valence of X⁵. Informula (C₁), the sum of γ1 and γ1′ is the same as the valence of X⁵.For example, in the case where X⁵ is a decavalent organic group, the sumof γ1 and γ1′ may be 10, for example, γ1 may be 9 and γ1′ may be 1, γ1may be 5 and γ1′ may be 5, or γ1 may be 1 and γ1′ may be 9. In the casewhere X⁵ is a divalent organic group, γ1 and γ1′ are 1. In the casewhere X⁵ is a single bond, γ1 and y′1 are 1.

X⁵ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X⁵ is a 2-4 valent organic group, γ1 is 1 to 3, andγ1′ is 1.

In another embodiment, X⁵ is a divalent organic group, γ1 is 1, and γ1′is 1.

In formula (D1), δ1 is an integer of 1 to 9 and δ1′ is an integer of 1to 9. Such δ1 and δ1′ may be varied depending on the valence of X⁷. Informula (D1), the sum of δ1 and δ1′ is the same as the valence of X⁷.For example, in the case where X⁷ is a decavalent organic group, the sumof δ1 and δ1′ may be 10, for example, δ1 may be 9 and δ1′ may be 1, δ1may be 5 and δ1′ may be 5, or δ1 may be 1 and δ1′ may be 9. In the casewhere X⁷ is a divalent organic group, δ1 and δ1′ are 1. In the casewhere X⁷ is a single bond, δ1 and δ′1 are 1.

X⁷ is preferably a 2-7 valent, more preferably 2-4 valent, furtherpreferably divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X⁷ is a 2-4 valent organic group, δ1 is 1 to 3, andδ1′ is 1.

In another embodiment, X⁷ is a divalent organic group, δ1 is 1, and δ1′is 1.

In one embodiment, the compound represented by formula (A1), (B1), (C1)or (D1) is preferably a compound represented by formula (A1), (C1) or(D1). Such a silane compound may be used to thereby allow adhesionproperties to the base material to be enhanced.

In one embodiment, the curable composition of the present inventionincludes 0.1% by mol or more and 35% by mol or less of any compoundrepresented by formulae (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) based on the total ofany compound represented by formulae (A), (B), (C) and (D) (hereinafter,also referred to as “component (1)”) and any compound represented byformulae (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) (hereinafter, also referred to as“component (2)”). The lower limit of the content of any compoundrepresented by formulae (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) based on the total ofthe component (1) and the component (2) may be preferably 0.1% by mol,more preferably 0.2% by mol, further preferably 0.5% by mol, still morepreferably 1% by mol, particularly preferably 2% by mol, particularly 5%by mol. The upper limit of the content of any compound represented byformulae (A1), (B1), (C1) and (D1) based on the total of the component(1) and the component (2) may be preferably 35% by mol, more preferably30% by mol, further preferably 20% by mol, still more preferably 15% bymol or 10% by mol. Any compound represented by formulae (A1), (B1), (C1)and (D1) based on the total of the component (1) and the component (2)is preferably 0.1% by mol or more and 30% by mol or less, morepreferably 0.1% by mol or more and 20% by mol or less, furtherpreferably 0.2% by mol or more and 10% by mol or less, still morepreferably 0.5% by mol or more and 10% by mol or less, particularlypreferably 1% by mol or more and 10% by mol or less, for example, 2% bymol or more and 10% by mol or less or 5% by mol or more and 10% by molor less. The component (1) and the component (2) may be included in sucha range, thereby allowing the curable composition of the presentinvention to contribute to formation of a cured product favorable infriction durability.

The combination of the component (1) and the component (2) in thecurable composition is preferably a combination of a compoundrepresented by formula (A) and a compound represented by formula (A1), acombination of a compound represented by formula (B) and a compoundrepresented by formula (B1), a combination of a compound represented byformula (C) and a compound represented by formula (C1), or a combinationof a compound represented by formula (D) and a compound represented byformula (D1).

In such any compound represented by formula (A) and formula (A1), t ispreferably 2 or more, more preferably an integer of 2 to 10, furtherpreferably an integer of 2 to 6. Here, t may be 2 or more, therebyallowing a plurality of Si atoms each having R¹³ or R^(13″) to bepresent and allowing a cured product formed from the curable compositionof the present invention to achieve higher durability (for example,friction durability).

In such any compound represented by formula (C) and formula (C1), k1 ispreferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3.

In a preferable embodiment, the compound represented by formula (C) hasa structure represented by —Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₂, —Si—(Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃)₂,—Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₃ or —Si—(Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃)₃, further preferably has astructure represented by —Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₃ or —Si—(Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃)₃ atan end; the compound represented by formula (C1) has a structurerepresented by —Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₂ or —Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₃, furtherpreferably has a structure represented by —Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₃ at an end.Such a structure may be at an end, thereby allowing a cured productformed from the curable composition of the present invention to achievehigher durability (for example, friction durability).

Specific examples of the group represented by —Si—(Z³—SiR⁷² ₃)₂ or—Si—(Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃)₂ may include

—Si—R^(a) ₂R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1) wherein R^(a) is a group representedby —Z³—SiR⁷² ₃ and the sum of l1 and m1 is 1,

—Si—R^(a″) ₂R^(b″) _(l1)R^(c″) _(m1) wherein R^(a″) is a grouprepresented by —Z³—SiR^(72″) ₃ and the sum of l1 and m1 is 1,

—Si—R⁷¹ ₂R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1) wherein R⁷¹ is a group represented by—Z³—SiR⁷² ₃ and the total of q1 and r1 is 1, or

—Si—R⁷¹ ₂R^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1) wherein R⁷¹ is a group represented by—Z³—SiR⁷² ₃ and the total of q1 and r1 is 1.

In such any compound represented by formula (D) and formula (D1), 12 ispreferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3.

In a preferable embodiment, the compound represented by formula (D) hasa —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₂—, —C—(Y—SiR^(85″) ₃)₂ (specifically, —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵₃)₂R⁸³, —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₂R^(f), —C—(Y—SiR^(85″) ₃)₂R⁸³, —C—(Y—SiR^(85″)₃)₂R⁸³), —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵)₃ or —C—(Y—SiR^(85″))₃ structure, furtherpreferably a —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵)₃ or —C—(Y—SiR^(85″))₃ structure at an end; andthe compound represented by formula (D1) has a —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₂(specifically, —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵ ₃)₂R⁸³) or —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵)₃ structure, furtherpreferably a —C—(Y—SiR⁸⁵)₃ structure at an end. Such a structure may beat an end, thereby allowing the curable composition of the presentinvention to contribute to formation of a cured product having higherdurability (for example, friction durability).

The curable composition used in the present invention may furtherinclude other component. Such other component is not limited, and mayinclude, for example, a (non-reactive) fluoropolyether compound whichcan be understood as a fluorine-containing oil, preferably aperfluoro(poly)ether compound (hereinafter, referred to as“fluorine-containing oil”) a stabilizing material (dehydrating agent,molecular sieve, magnesium sulfate or methyl o-formate), a viscositymodifier, a filler, a fluorescent agent, a storage stabilizer, a fillingagent, a colorant, a heat resistance improver, a cold resistanceimprover, a rust inhibitor, an adhesiveness improver, a liquidstrengthening agent, and/or a polymerization initiator.

The fluorine-containing oil is not limited, and examples thereof includea compound (perfluoro(poly)ether compound) represented by the followinggeneral formula (III):

Rf⁵—(OC₄F₈)_(a′)—(OC₃F₆)_(b′)—(OC₂F₄)_(c′)—(OCF₂)_(d′)—Rf⁶  (III)

wherein Rf⁵ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atomsoptionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms (preferably C₁₋₁₆perfluoroalkyl group), Rf⁶ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16carbon atoms optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms(preferably C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group), a fluorine atom or a hydrogenatom, and Rf⁵ and Rf⁶ are more preferably, each independently, a C₁₋₃perfluoroalkyl group; and

a′, b′, c′ and d′ represent the respective four numbers of repeatingunits in perfluoro(poly)ether constituting a main backbone of thepolymer and are mutually independently an integer of 0 or more and 300or less, the sum of a′, b′, c′ and d′ is at least 1, preferably 1 to300, more preferably 20 to 300, the occurrence order of the respectiverepeating units in parentheses with the subscript a′, b′, c′ or d′ isnot limited in the formula, and, among such repeating units, —(OC₄F₈)—may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—,—(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—,—(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃))—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)— and —(OCF₂CF(C₂F₅))—, and ispreferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, and —(OC₃F₆)— may be any of—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)— and —(OCF₂CF(CF₃))—, and is preferably—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—, and, for example, —(OC₂F₄)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂)—and —(OCF(CF₃))—, and is preferably —(OCF₂CF₂)—.

Examples of the perfluoro(poly)ether compound represented by generalformula (III) include a compound represented by any of the followinggeneral formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb) (which may be adopted singly or as amixture of two or more kinds thereof).

Rf⁵—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_(b″)—Rf⁶  (IIIa)

Rf⁵—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)_(a″)—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_(b″)—(OCF₂CF₂)_(c″)—(OCF₂)_(d″)—Rf⁶  (IIIb)

In such formulae, Rf⁵ and Rf⁶ are as described above; in formula (IIIa),b″ is an integer of 1 or more and 100 or less; in formula (IIIb), a″ andb″ are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 30 or less, and c″and d″ are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 300 or less,and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units inparentheses with subscript a″, b″, c″, d″ is not limited in theformulae.

The fluorine-containing oil may have a number average molecular weightof 1,000 to 30,000. In particular, the number average molecular weightof the compound represented by formula (IIIa) is preferably 2,000 to8,000. In one embodiment, the number average molecular weight of thecompound represented by formula (IIIb) is 3,000 to 8,000. In anotherembodiment, the number average molecular weight of the compoundrepresented by formula (IIIb) is 8,000 to 30,000.

The curable composition may contain, for example, 0 to 500 parts bymass, preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 partsby mass, further preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass of thefluorine-containing oil based on 100 parts by mass of thePFPE-containing silane compound.

The fluorine-containing oil may be a compound represented by generalformula Rf′—F, wherein Rf′ is C₅₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group, from anotherviewpoint. The fluorine-containing oil may be a chlorotrifluoroethyleneoligomer. The compound represented by Rf′—F and thechlorotrifluoroethylene oligomer are preferable in that high affinitywith the perfluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound where Rfis a C₁₋₁₆ perfluoroalkyl group is obtained.

Examples of the storage stabilizer may include methyltrimethoxysilane,methyltripropenoxysilane, vinyltributanoximesilane andmethyltriacetoxysilane.

Examples of the filling agent may include fibrous filling agents such asasbestos, glass fiber and an organic fiber.

Examples of the colorant may include a pigment and a dye.

Examples of the heat resistance improver may include colcothar andcerium oxide.

Examples of the adhesiveness improver may includeβ-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane,γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane,N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane,γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane,γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane.

Examples of the liquid strengthening agent may include reticularpolysiloxane having a triorganosiloxy unit and a SiO₂ unit.

The polymerization initiator may be an azo initiator such asazobisisobutyronitrile, methyl azoisobutyrate orazobisdimethylvaleronitrile; or benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate,ammonium persulfate, a benzophenone derivative, a phosphine oxidederivative, a benzoketone derivative, a phenylthioether derivative, anazido derivative, a diazo derivative or a disulfide derivative. Such apolymerization initiator may be used singly or in combinations of two ormore kinds thereof.

A protecting layer is formed on the edge of the laminated product bytreating the edge of the laminated product with the curable composition.

The treatment method is not limited, and, for example, the treatingmethod is performed by coating the edge of the laminated product withthe curable composition, and, if necessary, performing a heat treatmentor light irradiation to thereby cure the curable composition.

The protecting layer formed from the curable composition may be enhancedin adhesiveness by, if necessary, subjecting a portion to be treated, toa primer treatment prior to the treatment with the curable composition.

While the laminated product of the present invention, including thefirst base material layer, the adhesive layer and the second basematerial layer, is described above, the laminated product of the presentinvention may include an additional layer. For example, the laminatedproduct may further include a second adhesive layer and a third basematerial layer.

The laminated product of the present invention is used in variousarticles. Accordingly, the present invention also provides an articleincluding the laminated product of the present invention.

Examples of the article include a touch panel, a display, an electronelement adhering onto an electronic board, an electronic componentsecured to a metal housing of a smartphone or a tablet personal computerby a tape, and an operation panel secured to the surface of a homeappliance such as a refrigerator or a laundry machine by an adhesiontape.

The laminated product and the article of the present invention aredescribed above in detail. The application, the usage method, thearticle or the like of the laminated product of the present invention isnot limited to those exemplified above.

EXAMPLES

The occurrence order of repeating units (CF₂O) and (CF₂CF₂O)constituting perfluoropolyether is not limited in the present Examples.All chemical formulae shown below are represented in terms of averagecompositional feature.

Preparation of PFPE Curing Composition

Example 1

Preparation of Edge-Protecting Agent

PFPE-containing compound A, tetraethoxysilane as a cross-linking agent,and tetraisopropaxy titanium as a curing catalyst were weighed in aglass vessel for mixing in amounts of 100 parts by weight, 1 part byweight, and 0.5 parts by weight, respectively, and stirred with amagnetic stirrer, to prepare a curable composition.

(C₂H₅O)₃SiCH₂CH₂CH₂NHCOCF₂—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—CF₂CONHCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OC₂H₅)₃  PFPE-containingcompound A

wherein e=45 and f=38

Preparation of Base Material

Two glass slides were sandwiched by a transparent adhesion film (LUCIACSCS9864 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) having a thickness of100 μm to produce a laminated product of glass slide/adhesion film/glassslide. The edge of the laminated product was coated with thePFPE-containing curing composition by a syringe, and left to still standand cured at a temperature of 25° C. for 24 hours, thereby preparing alaminated product whose edge was protected.

Evaluation

A sample produced was immersed in oleic acid, and placed in anelectrical furnace at 70° C. and heated for one week, and thereafter thestate of the laminated product was visually confirmed. The distancebetween the glass slides in the laminated product and the rate of changein weight of the entire laminated product before and after immersionwere calculated. A case where no change in weight was observed at allwas defined as 0%.

Example 2

A sample was prepared and evaluated by the same methods as in Example 1except that PFPE-containing compound B was used.

H((CH₃O)₃SiCHCH₂)₃CF₂—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)—CF₂(CH₂CHSi(OCH₃)₃)₃H  PFPE-ContainingCompound B

wherein e=40, f=58 and e/f=0.7

Example 3

Preparation of Edge-Protecting Agent

Compound D as a cross-linking agent and a xylene solution containing 2%of a Pt complex of 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane as a curingcatalyst were weighed in a glass vessel for mixing, in amounts of 4parts by weight and 0.4 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight ofPFPE-containing compound C, and stirred and mixed, to prepare a curablecomposition.

CH₂═CHCH₂OCH₂CF₂(OCF₂CF(CF₃))_(m)OCF₂CF₂O(CF(CF₃)CF₂O)_(n)—CF₂CH₂OCH₂CH═CH₂  PFPE-containingcompound C

wherein m+n=54

Compound D

A sample was prepared and evaluated by the same methods as in Example 1except that the resulting curing composition was used for edgeprotection and the curing conditions after coating were conditions of100° C. and 2 hours.

Comparative Example 1

Evaluation was performed with a laminated product including noprotecting layer.

The test results are shown below.

[Table 1] #1 Test #2 Example #3 Comparative Example #4 Appearance

#5 No change

#6 Swollen

#7 Distance between pieces of glass

#8 Initial

#9 After immersion in oleic acid#10 Rate of change in weight

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The laminated product of the present invention is excellent in chemicalresistance and thus can be used in various applications.

1. A laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesivelayer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order,wherein an edge face of the laminated product is covered with a layerformed by a curable composition comprising a perfluoropolyethergroup-containing compound.
 2. The laminated product according to claim1, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound is aperfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound.
 3. The laminatedproduct according to claim 2, wherein the perfluoropolyethergroup-containing silane compound is at least one perfluoropolyethergroup-containing silane compound represented by formula (A), (B), (C) or(D):

wherein: PFPE, at each occurrence, is each independently a grouprepresented by formula:—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃X¹⁰₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)— wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are eachindependently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, the sum of a, b,c, d, e and f is at least 1, the occurrence order of the respectiverepeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited inthe formula, and X¹⁰, at each occurrence, is each independently ahydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; R¹³, at eachoccurrence, each independently represents a hydroxyl group or ahydrolyzable group; R¹⁴, at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbonatoms; R¹¹, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogenatom or a halogen atom; R¹², at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R^(11″), R^(12″),R^(13″) and R^(14″) are as defined for R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴,respectively; n1 with respect to each (—SiR¹³ _(n1)R¹⁴ _(3-n1)) unit oreach (—SiR^(13″) _(n1)R^(14″) _(3-n1)) unit is independently an integerof 0 to 3; provided that at least two groups, at each occurrence, eachindependently selected from the group consisting of R¹³ and R^(13″) arepresent in formulae (A) and (B); X¹, at each occurrence, eachindependently represents a single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group;X², at each occurrence, each independently represents a single bond or adivalent organic group; t, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 1 to 10; α1, at each occurrence, is each independently aninteger of 1 to 9; X³, at each occurrence, each independently representsa single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group; β1, at each occurrence, iseach independently an integer of 1 to 9; X⁵, at each occurrence, eachindependently represents a single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group;γ1, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 1 to 9;R^(a), at each occurrence, each independently represents —Z³—SiR⁷¹_(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1); Z³, at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group; R⁷¹, at eachoccurrence, each independently represents R^(a′); R^(a′) is as definedfor R^(a); the number of Si linearly linked via a Z³ group in R^(a) isat most 5; R⁷², at each occurrence, each independently represents ahydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; R⁷³, at each occurrence, eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; p1, ateach occurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 3; q1, at eachoccurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 3; r1, at eachoccurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 3; R^(a″), at eachoccurrence, each independently represents —Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R^(72″)_(q1)R⁷³ _(r1); R^(72″) is as defined for R⁷²; provided that the sum ofp1, q1 and r1 with respect to each (—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R⁷² _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1))or with respect to each (—Z³—SiR⁷¹ _(p1)R^(72″) _(q1)R⁷³ _(r1)) is 3 andat least one q1 in formula (C) is an integer of 1 to 3; R^(b), at eachoccurrence, each independently represents a hydroxyl group or ahydrolyzable group; R^(c), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R^(b″) and R^(c″) areas defined for R^(b) and R^(c), respectively; k1, at each occurrence, iseach independently an integer of 0 to 3; l1, at each occurrence, is eachindependently an integer of 0 to 3; m1, at each occurrence, is eachindependently an integer of 0 to 3; provided that the sum of k1, l1 andm1 with respect to each (SiR^(a) _(k1)R^(b) _(l1)R^(c) _(m1)) or withrespect to each (SiR^(a″) _(k1)R^(b″) _(l1)R^(c″) _(m1)) is 3; at leasttwo groups selected from the group consisting of R^(b), R^(b″), R⁷² andR^(72″) are present in formula (C); X⁷ each independently represents asingle bond or a 2-10 valent organic group; δ1 is each independently aninteger of 1 to 9; R^(d), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2); Z⁴, at each occurrence,each independently represents an oxygen atom or a divalent organicgroup; R⁸¹, at each occurrence, each independently represents R^(d′);R^(d′) is as defined for R^(d); the number of C linearly bonded via a Z⁴group in R^(d) is at most 5; R⁸², at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2); Y, at each occurrence, eachindependently represents a divalent organic group; R⁸⁵, at eachoccurrence, each independently represents a hydroxyl group or ahydrolyzable group; R⁸⁶, at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R⁸³, at eachoccurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxylgroup or a lower alkyl group; p2, at each occurrence, is eachindependently an integer of 0 to 3; q2, at each occurrence, is eachindependently an integer of 0 to 3; r2, at each occurrence, is eachindependently an integer of 0 to 3; R^(d″), at each occurrence, eachindependently represents —Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R^(82″) _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2); R^(82″)represents —Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2); provided that the sum ofp2, q2 and r2 with respect to each (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R⁸² _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)) orwith respect to each (—Z⁴—CR⁸¹ _(p2)R^(82″) _(q2)R⁸³ _(r2)) is 3; n2with respect to each (—Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2)) unit or with respect toeach (—Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2)) unit independently representsan integer of 0 to 3; R^(85″) and R^(86″) are as defined for R⁸⁵ andR⁸⁶, respectively; R^(e), at each occurrence, each independentlyrepresents —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2); R^(e″), at each occurrence, eachindependently represents —Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″) _(3-n2); R^(f), ateach occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom, ahydroxyl group or a lower alkyl group; R^(f″) is as defined for R^(f);k2, at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 3; l2,at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 3; and m2,at each occurrence, is each independently an integer of 0 to 3; providedthat the sum of k2, l2 and m2 with respect to each (CR^(d) _(k2)R^(e)_(l2)R^(f) _(m2)) or with respect to each (CR^(d″) _(k2)R^(e″)_(l2)R^(f″) _(m2)) is 3, and two or more groups selected from the groupconsisting of a group represented by —Y—SiR⁸⁵ _(n2)R⁸⁶ _(3-n2) whereinn2 is 1 or more and a group represented by —Y—SiR^(85″) _(n2)R^(86″)_(3-n2) wherein n2 is 1 or more are present in formula (D).
 4. Thelaminated product according to claim 1, wherein the perfluoropolyethergroup-containing compound is a perfluoropolyether group-containingcompound having a carbon-carbon double bond at a molecular end.
 5. Thelaminated product according to claim 4, wherein the perfluoropolyethergroup-containing compound having a carbon-carbon double bond at amolecular end is a compound represented by the following formula:CH₂═CH—R^(k1)—PFPE-R^(k1)—CH═CH₂  (I) wherein: PFPE, at each occurrence,is each independently a group represented by formula:—(OC₆F₁₂)_(a)—(OC₅F₁₀)_(b)—(OC₄F₈)_(c)—(OC₃X¹⁰₆)_(d)—(OC₂F₄)_(e)—(OCF₂)_(f)— wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are eachindependently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, the sum of a, b,c, d, e and f is at least 1, the occurrence order of the respectiverepeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited inthe formula, and X¹⁰, at each occurrence, each independently representsa hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; and R^(k1), at eachoccurrence, is each independently a single bond or a divalent organicgroup.
 6. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein theadhesive is an adhesive comprising a resin selected from an epoxy resin,an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide resin,an imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyvinyl butyral resinand an ethylene vinyl acetate resin.
 7. The laminated product accordingto claim 1, wherein the first base material layer and the second basematerial layer are each independently a base material layer formed froma material selected from the group consisting of a resin, a metal, ametal oxide, a ceramic and glass.
 8. An article comprising the laminatedproduct according to claim 1.